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| 19347 | Substance needs independence, unity, and stability (for individuation); also it is a subject, for predicates |
| Full Idea: For individuation, substance needs three properties: independence, to separate it from other things; unity, to call it one thing, rather than an aggregate; and permanence or stability over time. Its other role is as subject for predicates. | |||
| From: Franklin Perkins (Leibniz: Guide for the Perplexed [2007], 3.1) | |||
| A reaction: Perkins is describing the Aristotelian view, which is taken up by Leibniz. 'Substance' is not a controversial idea, if we see that it only means that the world is full of 'things'. It is an unusual philosopher wholly totally denies that. |