Ideas from 'The Essence of Reference' by Mark Sainsbury [2006], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Language' (ed/tr Lepore,E/Smith,B) [OUP 2008,978-0-19-955223-8]].

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5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / e. Empty names

10429

It is best to say that a name designates iff there is something for it to designate

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / b. Definite descriptions

10425

Definite descriptions may not be referring expressions, since they can fail to refer

10438

Definite descriptions are usually rigid in subject, but not in predicate, position

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

10432

A new usage of a name could arise from a mistaken baptism of nothing

19. Language / B. Reference / 5. Speaker's Reference

10434

Even a quantifier like 'someone' can be used referentially

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 3. Natural Function

10431

Things are thought to have a function, even when they can't perform them