Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Ways of Worldmaking', 'Heidegger: an introduction' and 'De Re and De Dicto'

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3 ideas

10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality
Can we find an appropriate 'de dicto' paraphrase for any 'de re' proposition? [Plantinga]
     Full Idea: To explain the 'de re' via the 'de dicto' is to provide a rule enabling us to find, for each de re proposition, an equivalent de dicto proposition.
     From: Alvin Plantinga (De Re and De Dicto [1969], p.41)
     A reaction: Many 'de dicto' paraphrases will change the modality of a 'de re' statement, so the challenge is to find the right equivalent version. Plantinga takes up this challenge. The 'de dicto' statement says the object has the property, and must have it.
Expressing modality about a statement is 'de dicto'; expressing it of property-possession is 'de re' [Plantinga]
     Full Idea: Some statements predicate modality of another statement (modality 'de dicto'); but others predicate of an object the necessary or essential possession of a property; these latter express modality 'de re'.
     From: Alvin Plantinga (De Re and De Dicto [1969], p.26)
     A reaction: The distinction seems to originate in Aquinas, concerning whether God knows the future (or, how he knows the future). 'De dicto' is straightforward, but possibly the result of convention. 'De re' is controversial, and implies deep metaphysics.
'De dicto' true and 'de re' false is possible, and so is 'de dicto' false and 'de re' true [Plantinga]
     Full Idea: Aquinas says if a 'de dicto' statement is true, the 'de re' version may be false. The opposite also applies: 'What I am thinking of [17] is essentially prime' is true, but 'The proposition "what I am thinking of is prime" is necessarily true' is false.
     From: Alvin Plantinga (De Re and De Dicto [1969], p.27)
     A reaction: In his examples the first is 'de re' (about the number), and the second is 'de dicto' (about that proposition).