Combining Texts
Ideas for
'Topics', 'The Universe as We Find It' and 'The Ethics'
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13 ideas
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 6. Logical Necessity
12259
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Reasoning is when some results follow necessarily from certain claims [Aristotle]
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 10. Impossibility
17183
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Things are impossible if they imply contradiction, or their production lacks an external cause [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / B. Possibility / 5. Contingency
4299
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Contingency is an illusion, resulting from our inadequate understanding [Spinoza, by Cottingham]
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4824
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We only call things 'contingent' in relation to the imperfection of our knowledge [Spinoza]
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4839
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Reason naturally regards things as necessary, and only imagination considers them contingent [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 1. Sources of Necessity
4822
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Divine nature makes all existence and operations necessary, and nothing is contingent [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 6. Necessity from Essence
17182
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Necessity is in reference to essence or to cause [Spinoza]
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18502
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If basic physics has natures, then why not reality itself? That would then found the deepest necessities [Heil]
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10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 4. Conceivable as Possible / a. Conceivable as possible
4818
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People who are ignorant of true causes imagine anything can change into anything else [Spinoza]
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20310
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Error does not result from imagining, but from lacking the evidence of impossibility [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / e. Against possible worlds
18496
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If possible worlds are just fictions, they can't be truthmakers for modal judgements [Heil]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity
17208
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A horse would be destroyed if it were changed into a man or an insect [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / e. Possible Objects
17209
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A thing is contingent if nothing in its essence determines whether or not it exists [Spinoza]
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