Combining Texts
Ideas for
'Mathematical Methods in Philosophy', 'Adverbial Theory' and 'The Ethics'
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15 ideas
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 10. Impossibility
17183
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Things are impossible if they imply contradiction, or their production lacks an external cause [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / B. Possibility / 5. Contingency
4299
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Contingency is an illusion, resulting from our inadequate understanding [Spinoza, by Cottingham]
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4839
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Reason naturally regards things as necessary, and only imagination considers them contingent [Spinoza]
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4824
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We only call things 'contingent' in relation to the imperfection of our knowledge [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 1. Sources of Necessity
4822
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Divine nature makes all existence and operations necessary, and nothing is contingent [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 6. Necessity from Essence
17182
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Necessity is in reference to essence or to cause [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 4. Conceivable as Possible / a. Conceivable as possible
4818
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People who are ignorant of true causes imagine anything can change into anything else [Spinoza]
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20310
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Error does not result from imagining, but from lacking the evidence of impossibility [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / a. Possible worlds
18745
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A Tarskian model can be seen as a possible state of affairs [Horsten/Pettigrew]
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18747
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The 'spheres model' was added to possible worlds, to cope with counterfactuals [Horsten/Pettigrew]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / b. Impossible worlds
18748
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Epistemic logic introduced impossible worlds [Horsten/Pettigrew]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / e. Against possible worlds
18746
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Possible worlds models contain sets of possible worlds; this is a large metaphysical commitment [Horsten/Pettigrew]
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18750
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Using possible worlds for knowledge and morality may be a step too far [Horsten/Pettigrew]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity
17208
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A horse would be destroyed if it were changed into a man or an insect [Spinoza]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / e. Possible Objects
17209
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A thing is contingent if nothing in its essence determines whether or not it exists [Spinoza]
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