Combining Texts
Ideas for
'In Defense of Essentialism', 'Reference and Modality' and 'Conceptions of Consequence'
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5 ideas
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality
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To be necessarily greater than 7 is not a trait of 7, but depends on how 7 is referred to [Quine]
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10. Modality / A. Necessity / 11. Denial of Necessity
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Whether 9 is necessarily greater than 7 depends on how '9' is described [Quine, by Fine,K]
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Necessity only applies to objects if they are distinctively specified [Quine]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 2. Nature of Possible Worlds / a. Nature of possible worlds
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'Modal realists' believe in many concrete worlds, 'actualists' in just this world, 'ersatzists' in abstract other worlds [Paul,LA]
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity
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We can't quantify in modal contexts, because the modality depends on descriptions, not objects [Quine, by Fine,K]
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