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Ideas for 'Principles of Philosophy', 'A Plea for Substitutional Quantification' and 'Truthmakers, Realism and Ontology'

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3 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 4. The Cogito
Total doubt can't include your existence while doubting [Descartes]
     Full Idea: He who decides to doubt everything cannot nevertheless doubt that he exists while he doubts.
     From: René Descartes (Principles of Philosophy [1646], Pref)
I think, therefore I am, because for a thinking thing to not exist is a contradiction [Descartes]
     Full Idea: There is a contradiction in conceiving that what thinks does not (at the same time as it thinks) exist. Hence this conclusion I think, therefore I am, is the first and most certain that occurs to one who philosophises in an orderly way.
     From: René Descartes (Principles of Philosophy [1646], I.07)
     A reaction: The classic statement of his argument. The significance here is that it seems to have the structure of an argument, as it involves 'philosophising', which leads to a 'contradiction', and hence to the famous conclusion. It is not just intuitive.
'Thought' is all our conscious awareness, including feeling as well as understanding [Descartes]
     Full Idea: By the word 'thought' I understand everything we are conscious of as operating in us. And that is why not only understanding, willing, imagining, but also feeling, are here the same thing as thinking.
     From: René Descartes (Principles of Philosophy [1646], I.09)
     A reaction: There is a bit of tension here between Descartes' correct need to include feeling in thought for his Cogito argument, and his tendency to dismiss animal consciousness, on the grounds that they only sense things, and don't make judgements.