Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Pragmatism - eight lectures', 'Beyond internal Foundations to external Virtues' and 'The Trouble with Being Born'

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4 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 1. Knowledge
It is acceptable to say a supermarket door 'knows' someone is approaching [Sosa]
     Full Idea: I am quite flexible on epistemic terminology, and am even willing to grant that a supermarket door can 'know' that someone is approaching.
     From: Ernest Sosa (Beyond internal Foundations to external Virtues [2003], 6.6)
     A reaction: I take this amazing admission to be a hallmark of externalism. Sosa must extend this to thermostats. So flowers know the sun has come out. This is knowledge without belief. Could the door ever be 'wrong'?
11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 5. Aiming at Truth
Truth is a species of good, being whatever proves itself good in the way of belief [James]
     Full Idea: Truth is one species of good, and not, as is usually supposed, a category distinct from good, and co-ordinate with it. The true is whatever proves itself to be good in the way of belief, and good, too, for definite, assignable reasons.
     From: William James (Pragmatism - eight lectures [1907], Lec 2)
     A reaction: The trouble is that false optimism can often often be what is 'good in the way of belief'. That said, I think quite a good way to specify 'truth' is 'success in belief', but I mean intrinsically successful, not pragmatically successful.
11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty
Opinions are fine, but having convictions means something has gone wrong [Cioran]
     Full Idea: To have opinions is inevitable, is natural; to have convictions is less so. Each time I meet someone who has convictions, I wonder what intellectual vice, what flaw has caused him to acquire such a thing.
     From: E.M. Cioran (The Trouble with Being Born [1973], 12)
     A reaction: 'The best lack all conviction/ While the worst are full of passionate intensity' (Yeats). I agree with this. Convictions are so often accompanied by anger.
Convictions are failures to study anything thoroughly [Cioran]
     Full Idea: We have convictions only if we have studied nothing thoroughly.
     From: E.M. Cioran (The Trouble with Being Born [1973], 08)
     A reaction: Excellent! I cannot imagine studying anything at all in great depth without it resulting in a dwindling expectation of full understanding. Philosophy in spades, but also probably any topic in history.