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11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 4. The Cogito
Descartes showed that subjective things are the most certain [Russell]
     Full Idea: By showing that subjective things are the most certain, Descartes performed a great service to philosophy.
     From: Bertrand Russell (Problems of Philosophy [1912], Ch. 2)
     A reaction: This praise comes from an empiricist, who has just said that 'sense-data' are the most certain things. I presume that animals are more certain of the world than they are of subjective things. In fact, probably on philosophers agree with Russell.