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Ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Getting Causes from Powers' and 'Discourse on Metaphysics'

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14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 6. Falsification
Smoking disposes towards cancer; smokers without cancer do not falsify this claim [Mumford/Anjum]
     Full Idea: Smoking disposes towards cancer, and has its way in many instances. The existence of some smokers without cancer, however, does nothing to falsify this dispositional claim.
     From: S.Mumford/R.Lill Anjum (Getting Causes from Powers [2011], 7.5)
     A reaction: Indeed, falsification by one instance will only work against absolute and universal claims, and nature contains hardly any of those.