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Ideas for 'Brainstorms:Essays on Mind and Psychology', 'New Essays on Human Understanding' and 'Politics'

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3 ideas

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations
To grasp something, trace it back to its natural origins [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: If we see how things grow naturally from the start, we would in this way, as in other cases, get the best theoretical grasp of them.
     From: Aristotle (Politics [c.332 BCE], 1252a24)
     A reaction: Observing the natural origins of a tulip doesn't help much (without microbiology), but he is discussing the nature of cities, and his suggestion seems good.
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / k. Explanations by essence
The nature of each thing is its mature state [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: What each thing is when its coming to be has been complete, this we say is the nature of each - for example, of a human, or of a horse, or of a household.
     From: Aristotle (Politics [c.332 BCE], 1252b32)
     A reaction: This works better for animate than for inanimate things. Aristotle is much clearer when we talk of the 'nature' of each thing, rather than its 'essence', because the latter has been blurred. I like 'essential nature'.
We will only connect our various definitions of gold when we understand it more deeply [Leibniz]
     Full Idea: We can define gold as the heaviest metal, or by assaying procedures, but only when men have penetrated more deeply into the nature of things will they be able to see why one belongs with the other.
     From: Gottfried Leibniz (New Essays on Human Understanding [1704], 2.31)
     A reaction: He mentions that geometry is different, because we do have perfect ideas of things. This is part of Leibniz's optimism about the future of science, in comparison with the surprising pessimism of the empiricists. See Idea 12976 and Idea 12975.