Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Reply to Hellman', 'Queries to the 'Opticks'' and 'Laws of Nature'

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4 ideas

14. Science / C. Induction / 5. Paradoxes of Induction / a. Grue problem
The grue problem shows that natural kinds are central to science [Harré]
     Full Idea: The grue problem illustrates the enormous importance that the concept of a natural-kind plays in real science.
     From: Rom Harré (Laws of Nature [1993], 5)
     A reaction: The point is that we took emeralds to be a natural kind, but 'grue' proposes that they aren't, since stability is the hallmark of a natural kind.
'Grue' introduces a new causal hypothesis - that emeralds can change colour [Harré]
     Full Idea: In introducing the predicate 'grue' we also introduce an additional causal hypothesis into our chemistry and physics; namely, that when observed grue emeralds change from blue to green.
     From: Rom Harré (Laws of Nature [1993], 5)
     A reaction: [The 'when observered' is a Harré addition] I hate 'grue'. Only people who think our predicates have very little to do with reality are impressed by it. Grue is a behaviour, not a colour.
14. Science / C. Induction / 5. Paradoxes of Induction / b. Raven paradox
It is because ravens are birds that their species and their colour might be connected [Harré]
     Full Idea: It is because ravens are birds that it makes sense to contemplate the possibility of a lawful relation between their species and their colour.
     From: Rom Harré (Laws of Nature [1993], 5)
     A reaction: Compare the 'laws' concerning leaf colour in autumn, and the 'laws' concerning packaging colour in supermarkets. Harré's underlying point is that raven colour concerns mechanism.
Non-black non-ravens just aren't part of the presuppositions of 'all ravens are black' [Harré]
     Full Idea: Non-black non-ravens have no role to play in assessing the plausibility of 'All ravens are black' because their existence is not among the existential presuppositions of that statement.
     From: Rom Harré (Laws of Nature [1993], 5)
     A reaction: [He cites Strawson for the 'presupposition' approach]