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Ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Meaning and Reference' and 'Philosophy of Logic'

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2 ideas

19. Language / F. Communication / 4. Private Language
Language is more like a cooperative steamship than an individual hammer [Putnam]
     Full Idea: There are tools like a hammer used by one person, and there are tools like a steamship which require cooperative activity; words have been thought of too much on the model of the first sort of tool.
     From: Hilary Putnam (Meaning and Reference [1973], p.156)
     A reaction: This clear thought strikes me as the most fruitful and sensible consequence of Wittgenstein's later ideas (as opposed to the relativistic 'language game' ideas). I am unconvinced that a private language is logically impossible, but it would be feeble.
19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / a. Contextual meaning
A good way of explaining an expression is saying what conditions make its contexts true [Quine]
     Full Idea: A reasonable way of explaining an expression is by saying what conditions make its various contexts true.
     From: Willard Quine (Philosophy of Logic [1970], Ch.3)
     A reaction: I like the circumspect phrasing of this, which carefully avoids any entities such as 'meanings' or 'truth conditions'. Maybe the whole core of philosophy of language should shift from theories of meaning to just trying to 'explain' sentences.