Combining Texts

Ideas for 'The Sign of Four', 'Naming and Necessity notes and addenda' and 'Locke on Human Understanding'

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2 ideas

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / c. Social reference
A description may fix a reference even when it is not true of its object [Kripke]
     Full Idea: In some cases an object may be identified, and the reference of a name fixed, using a description which may turn out to be false of its object.
     From: Saul A. Kripke (Naming and Necessity notes and addenda [1972], note 34)
     A reaction: This is clearly possible. Someone could be identified as 'the criminal' when they were actually innocent. Nevertheless, how do you remember which person was baptised 'Aristotle' if you don't hang on to a description, even a false one?
19. Language / B. Reference / 4. Descriptive Reference / b. Reference by description
Even if Gödel didn't produce his theorems, he's still called 'Gödel' [Kripke]
     Full Idea: If a Gödelian fraud were exposed, Gödel would no longer be called 'the author of the incompleteness theorem', but he would still be called 'Gödel'. The description, therefore, does not abbreviate the name.
     From: Saul A. Kripke (Naming and Necessity notes and addenda [1972], note 37)
     A reaction: Clearly we can't make the description a necessary fact about Gödel, but that doesn't invalidate the idea that successful reference needs some description. E.g. Gödel is a person.