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Ideas for 'reports', 'Sophistical Refutations' and 'Explanation and Reference'

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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference
I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]
     Full Idea: In previous papers I suggested that the reference is fixed by a test known to experts; it now seems to me that this is just a special case of my use being causally connected to an introducing event.
     From: Hilary Putnam (Explanation and Reference [1973], II C)
     A reaction: I think he was probably right the first time, and has now wandered off course.