Combining Texts
Ideas for
'Causation', 'Reference and Necessity' and 'Reason, Truth and History'
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8 ideas
19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 1. Meaning
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16406
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If you don't know what you say you can't mean it; what people say usually fits what they mean [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference
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16404
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In the use of a name, many individuals are causally involved, but they aren't all the referent [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / c. Social reference
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14202
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Neither individual nor community mental states fix reference [Putnam]
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14201
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Maybe the total mental state of a language community fixes the reference of a term [Putnam]
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 2. Semantics
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16403
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'Descriptive' semantics gives a system for a language; 'foundational' semantics give underlying facts [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 6. Truth-Conditions Semantics
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16401
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To understand an utterance, you must understand what the world would be like if it is true [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / D. Propositions / 2. Abstract Propositions / b. Propositions as possible worlds
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8420
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A proposition is a set of possible worlds where it is true [Lewis]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / b. Indeterminate translation
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14206
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There are infinitely many interpretations of a sentence which can all seem to be 'correct' [Putnam]
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