Combining Texts
Ideas for
'', 'Representation and Reality' and 'Conceptual truth and metaphysical necessity'
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13 ideas
19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 1. Meaning
2346
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Meaning and translation (which are needed to define truth) both presuppose the notion of reference [Putnam]
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19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 6. Meaning as Use
2354
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"Meaning is use" is not a definition of meaning [Putnam]
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19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 7. Meaning Holism / b. Language holism
2336
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Holism seems to make fixed definition more or less impossible [Putnam]
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2334
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Meaning holism tried to show that you can't get fixed meanings built out of observation terms [Putnam]
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2335
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Understanding a sentence involves background knowledge and can't be done in isolation [Putnam]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / a. Direct reference
2340
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We should separate how the reference of 'gold' is fixed from its conceptual content [Putnam]
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2341
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Like names, natural kind terms have their meaning fixed by extension and reference [Putnam]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference
16432
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One view says the causal story is built into the description that is the name's content [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / c. Social reference
2339
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Aristotle implies that we have the complete concepts of a language in our heads, but we don't [Putnam]
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2338
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Reference (say to 'elms') is a social phenomenon which we can leave to experts [Putnam]
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 10. Two-Dimensional Semantics
16430
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Two-D says that a posteriori is primary and contingent, and the necessity is the secondary intension [Stalnaker]
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16431
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In one view, the secondary intension is metasemantic, about how the thinker relates to the content [Stalnaker]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 3. Denial
11214
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We learn 'not' along with affirmation, by learning to either affirm or deny a sentence [Rumfitt]
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