Combining Texts
Ideas for
'works', 'Inference to the Best Explanation (2nd)' and 'Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy'
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12 ideas
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 2. Logos
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1575
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For Aristotle logos is essentially the ability to talk rationally about questions of value [Roochnik on Aristotle]
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 4. Aims of Reason
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16841
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Good inference has mechanism, precision, scope, simplicity, fertility and background fit [Lipton]
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1589
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Aristotle is the supreme optimist about the ability of logos to explain nature [Roochnik on Aristotle]
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 4. Contraries
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16854
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Contrary pairs entail contradictions; one member entails negation of the other [Lipton]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 4. Real Definition
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9959
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'Real' definitions give the essential properties of things under a concept [Mautner]
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8200
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Aristotelian definitions aim to give the essential properties of the thing defined [Aristotle, by Quine]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 5. Genus and Differentia
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4385
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Aristotelian definition involves first stating the genus, then the differentia of the thing [Aristotle, by Urmson]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 7. Contextual Definition
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9961
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'Contextual definitions' replace whole statements, not just expressions [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 9. Recursive Definition
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9958
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Recursive definition defines each instance from a previous instance [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 10. Stipulative Definition
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9960
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A stipulative definition lays down that an expression is to have a certain meaning [Mautner]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 11. Ostensive Definition
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9957
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Ostensive definitions point to an object which an expression denotes [Mautner]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 5. Fallacy of Composition
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6219
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The fallacy of composition is the assumption that what is true of the parts is true of the whole [Mautner]
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