Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Wiener Logik', 'Does Ontology Rest on a Mistake?' and 'Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82'

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8 ideas

23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 1. Virtue Theory / c. Particularism
Actual morality is more complicated and subtle than theory (which gets paralysed) [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Actual morality is infinitely more subtle, more complicated, more thoughtful than theoretical morality: the latter still stands awkward and embarrassed at the starting point.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 7[202])
     A reaction: Glad to find an explicit endorsement of particularism in Nietzsche, since so much of his discussion points that way.
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / i. Absolute virtues
Some things we would never do, even for the highest ideals [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: There are actions that we will never allow ourselves to engage in, not even as a means to the noblest end e.g., betraying a friend.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 7[241])
     A reaction: Jean Genet made a point of betraying his friends. I wonder why Nietzsche thinks we should not betray our friends? Being Nietzsche, he will certainly have asked the question.
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / j. Unity of virtue
You should not want too many virtues; one is enough [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: You should not want to have too many virtues. One virtue is already a lot of virtue.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 5[18])
     A reaction: A typically challenging thought from the great maverick of philosophy. Which virtue would you choose? Do some virtues entail further virtues?
23. Ethics / E. Utilitarianism / 1. Utilitarianism
Talk of 'utility' presupposes that what is useful to people has been defined [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: All this chat about 'utility' already presupposes that what is useful to people has been defined: in other words, useful for what! i.e. the people's purposes are already taken for granted.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 7[030])
     A reaction: When they stopped talking about utility they talked instead about 'benefit', but the same objection applies. This is the problem of paternalism in Utilitarianism, which leads to Preference Utilitarianism, which probably doesn't help.
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 1. Existentialism
The goal is to settle human beings, like other animals, but humans are still changeable [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Obviously the goal is to make human beings as steady and firm as most animal species; they have adapted to the conditions of the earth etc. and do not change essentially. The human being is still changeable - is still becoming.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 11[044])
     A reaction: I favour an Aristotelian view, based on the flourishing of human nature, but this thought obviously challenges such a view. Great changes to a culture can make some difference to the apparent nature of people.
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 2. Nihilism
My eternal recurrence is opposed to feeling fragmented and imperfect [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: I held up eternal recurrence against the numbing feeling of general disintegration and imperfection.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 24[28])
     A reaction: I've heard people say that they think Nietzsche was a nihilist. This is nonsense. His whole career was an opposition to nihilism. His excitement over the idea of recurrence is that he sees a real answer to nihilism. You have to value a recurring life.
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 8. Eternal Recurrence
See our present lives as eternal! Religions see it as fleeting, and aim at some different life [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Let us press the image of eternity on our life! This thought contains more than all religions that despise this life as fleeting and taught us to look toward an unspecified different life.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 11[159])
     A reaction: This is the best statement of the idea of eternal recurrence I have so far found. His ideal is to design a life for ourselves which we would be happy to see endlessly repeated. A lot of thought would have to go into that!
The eternal return of wastefulness is a terrible thought [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The most terrible thought of an eternal return of wastefulness.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 20[02])
     A reaction: This illuminates quite well his notion of eternal recurrence. Not only what you would do in an eternally recurring life, but what you would avoid.