Combining Texts

Ideas for 'On Liberty', 'Democracy in America (abr Renshaw)' and 'Review of Aron 'Our Knowledge of Universals''

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5 ideas

24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / b. The natural life
Wherever there is a small community, the association of the people is natural [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: The village or township is the only association which is so perfectly natural that, wherever a number of men are collected, it seems to constitute itself.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.04)
     A reaction: Seems like a chicken and egg issue. I would have thought that association precedes the development of a village.
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / c. A unified people
The people are just individuals, and only present themselves as united to foreigners [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: The people in themselves are only individuals; and the special reason why they need to be united under one government is that they may appear to advantage before foreigners.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.07)
     A reaction: I take this to be an observation on 1830s America, rather than a universal truth. It fits modern western societies rather well though.
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 2. Population / b. State population
Vast empires are bad for well-being and freedom, though they may promote glory [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: Nothing is more opposed to the well-being and the freedom of men than vast empires. …But there is a love of glory in those who regard the applause of a great people as a worthy reward.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.07)
     A reaction: Presumably the main the problem is the central dominance over distant colonies. There may also be some freedom in being distant from the centres, especially in 1830. The Wild West.
People would be much happier and freer in small nations [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: If none but small nations existed, I do not doubt that mankind would be more happy and more free.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.07)
     A reaction: In modern times many small states have appeared in Europe (in the Balkans and on the Baltic), and it looks to me a good thing. The prospect of Scottish independence may currently be looming, and De Tocqueville would approve.
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 3. Natural Values / a. Natural freedom
Individuals have sovereignty over their own bodies and minds [Mill]
     Full Idea: Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.
     From: John Stuart Mill (On Liberty [1857], Ch.1)
     A reaction: If I should not even think about evil deeds, then neither should you. I would prevent you if I could. I would prevent you from drinking yourself to death, if I could. It is just that intrusions into private lives leads to greater trouble.