Combining Texts
Ideas for
'fragments/reports', 'The Elm and the Expert' and 'Naming and Necessity lectures'
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13 ideas
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 2. Natural Purpose / a. Final purpose
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20812
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Covers are for shields, and sheaths for swords; likewise, all in the cosmos is for some other thing [Chrysippus]
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26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / f. Ancient elements
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21403
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The later Stoics identified the logos with an air-fire compound, called 'pneuma' [Chrysippus, by Long]
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20828
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Fire is a separate element, not formed with others (as was previously believed) [Chrysippus, by Stobaeus]
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5975
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Stoics say earth, air, fire and water are the primary elements [Chrysippus, by Plutarch]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds
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17056
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Terms for natural kinds are very close to proper names [Kripke]
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4963
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The properties that fix reference are contingent, the properties involving meaning are necessary [Kripke]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 6. Necessity of Kinds
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17053
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Gold's atomic number might not be 79, but if it is, could non-79 stuff be gold? [Kripke]
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4964
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'Cats are animals' has turned out to be a necessary truth [Kripke]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 7. Critique of Kinds
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6765
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Nominal essence may well be neither necessary nor sufficient for a natural kind [Kripke, by Bird]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / b. Scientific necessity
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9387
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The scientific discovery (if correct) that gold has atomic number 79 is a necessary truth [Kripke]
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17054
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Scientific discoveries about gold are necessary truths [Kripke]
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17057
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Once we've found that heat is molecular motion, then that's what it is, in all possible worlds [Kripke]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / d. Knowing essences
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4965
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Science searches basic structures in search of essences [Kripke]
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