Combining Texts
Ideas for
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14 ideas
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 2. Natural Purpose / a. Final purpose
5995
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Diogenes of Apollonia offered the first teleological account of cosmology [Diogenes of Apollonia, by Robinson,TM]
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26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / c. Ultimate substances
488
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Air is divine, because it is in and around everything, and arranges everything [Diogenes of Apollonia]
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484
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Everything is ultimately a variation of one underlying thing [Diogenes of Apollonia]
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26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / f. Ancient elements
486
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Plants and animals can only come into existence if something fixes their species [Diogenes of Apollonia]
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485
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Things must retain their essential nature during change, or mixing would be impossible [Diogenes of Apollonia]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 2. Types of cause
8388
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Causation is either direct realism, Humean reduction, non-Humean reduction or theoretical realism [Tooley]
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8389
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Causation distinctions: reductionism/realism; Humean/non-Humean states; observable/non-observable [Tooley]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 5. Direction of causation
8393
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We can only reduce the direction of causation to the direction of time if we are realist about the latter [Tooley]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / a. Observation of causation
8390
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Causation is directly observable in pressure on one's body, and in willed action [Tooley]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / e. Probabilistic causation
8392
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Probabilist laws are compatible with effects always or never happening [Tooley]
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8399
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The actual cause may not be the most efficacious one [Tooley]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 9. General Causation / a. Constant conjunction
8391
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In counterfactual worlds there are laws with no instances, so laws aren't supervenient on actuality [Tooley]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 9. General Causation / b. Nomological causation
8394
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Explaining causation in terms of laws can't explain the direction of causation [Tooley]
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8398
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Causation is a concept of a relation the same in all worlds, so it can't be a physical process [Tooley]
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