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27 ideas
27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 1. Mechanics / a. Explaining movement
15866
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Newton reclassified vertical motion as violent, and unconstrained horizontal motion as natural [Newton, by Harré]
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27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 1. Mechanics / b. Laws of motion
17018
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2: Change of motion is proportional to the force [Newton]
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20968
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Newton's Third Law implies the conservation of momentum [Newton, by Papineau]
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17019
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3: All actions of bodies have an equal and opposite reaction [Newton]
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15958
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Inertia rejects the Aristotelian idea of things having natural states, to which they return [Newton, by Alexander,P]
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17017
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1: Bodies rest, or move in straight lines, unless acted on by forces [Newton]
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27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 1. Mechanics / c. Forces
17547
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Newton's idea of force acting over a long distance was very strange [Heisenberg on Newton]
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20966
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Newton introduced forces other than by contact [Newton, by Papineau]
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20967
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Newton's laws cover the effects of forces, but not their causes [Newton, by Papineau]
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16708
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Newton's forces were accused of being the scholastics' real qualities [Pasnau on Newton]
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13153
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I am studying the quantities and mathematics of forces, not their species or qualities [Newton]
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12724
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The aim is to discover forces from motions, and use forces to demonstrate other phenomena [Newton]
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27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 1. Mechanics / d. Gravity
13593
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Newton showed that falling to earth and orbiting the sun are essentially the same [Newton, by Ellis]
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20636
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Newton is a special case of Einstein's general theory, with an infinite speed of light [Einstein, by Close]
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27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 2. Thermodynamics / c. Conservation of energy
20969
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Early Newtonians could not formulate conservation of energy, having no concept of potential energy [Newton, by Papineau]
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27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 1. Relativity / a. Special relativity
21230
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The theory is 'special' because it sticks to observers moving straight, at constant speeds [Einstein, by Farmelo]
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21231
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Assume the speed of light is constant for all observers, and the laws of physics are the same [Einstein, by Farmelo]
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27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 1. Relativity / b. General relativity
20634
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General Relativity says there is no absolute force or acceleration [Einstein, by Close]
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27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 4. Standard Model / d. Mass
20648
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Mass is a measure of energy content [Einstein]
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27. Natural Reality / C. Space / 4. Substantival Space
17013
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Absolute space is independent, homogeneous and immovable [Newton]
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27. Natural Reality / C. Space / 6. Space-Time
21232
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Space-time arises from the connection between measurements of space and of time [Einstein, by Farmelo]
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27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 1. Nature of Time / a. Absolute time
22915
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Newton needs intervals of time, to define velocity and acceleration [Newton, by Le Poidevin]
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22893
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Newton thought his laws of motion needed absolute time [Newton, by Bardon]
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17012
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Time exists independently, and flows uniformly [Newton]
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14012
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Absolute time, from its own nature, flows equably, without relation to anything external [Newton]
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27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 2. Passage of Time / g. Time's arrow
22954
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Newtonian mechanics does not distinguish negative from positive values of time [Newton, by Coveney/Highfield]
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27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 3. Parts of Time / d. Measuring time
17015
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If there is no uniform motion, we cannot exactly measure time [Newton]
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