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Ideas for 'Ethical Studies', 'Four Dimensionalism' and 'Higher-Order Logic'

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4 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 3. Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems
Up Löwenheim-Skolem: if natural numbers satisfy wffs, then an infinite domain satisfies them [Shapiro]
     Full Idea: Upward Löwenheim-Skolem: if a set of first-order formulas is satisfied by a domain of at least the natural numbers, then it is satisfied by a model of at least some infinite cardinal.
     From: Stewart Shapiro (Higher-Order Logic [2001], 2.1)
The Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems fail for second-order languages with standard semantics [Shapiro]
     Full Idea: Both of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems fail for second-order languages with a standard semantics
     From: Stewart Shapiro (Higher-Order Logic [2001], 2.3.2)
The Löwenheim-Skolem theorem seems to be a defect of first-order logic [Shapiro]
     Full Idea: The Löwenheim-Skolem theorem is usually taken as a sort of defect (often thought to be inevitable) of the first-order logic.
     From: Stewart Shapiro (Higher-Order Logic [2001], 2.4)
     A reaction: [He is quoting Wang 1974 p.154]
Downward Löwenheim-Skolem: if there's an infinite model, there is a countable model [Shapiro]
     Full Idea: Downward Löwenheim-Skolem: a finite or denumerable set of first-order formulas that is satisfied by a model whose domain is infinite is satisfied in a model whose domain is the natural numbers
     From: Stewart Shapiro (Higher-Order Logic [2001], 2.1)