Combining Texts

Ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'On Fate ('De fato')' and 'Plurals and Complexes'

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6 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 1. Bivalence
How can the not-true fail to be false, or the not-false fail to be true? [Cicero]
     Full Idea: How can something that is not true not be false, or how can something that is not false not be true?
     From: M. Tullius Cicero (On Fate ('De fato') [c.44 BCE], 16.38)
     A reaction: We must at least distinguish between whether the contrary thing is not actually true, or whether we are prepared to assert that it is not true. The disjunction may seem to be a false dichotomy. 'He isn't good' may not entail 'he is evil'.
5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / b. Definite descriptions
Plural definite descriptions pick out the largest class of things that fit the description [Hossack]
     Full Idea: If we extend the power of language with plural definite descriptions, these would pick out the largest class of things that fit the description.
     From: Keith Hossack (Plurals and Complexes [2000], 3)
5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 6. Plural Quantification
Plural reference will refer to complex facts without postulating complex things [Hossack]
     Full Idea: It may be that plural reference gives atomism the resources to state complex facts without needing to refer to complex things.
     From: Keith Hossack (Plurals and Complexes [2000], 1)
     A reaction: This seems the most interesting metaphysical implication of the possibility of plural quantification.
Plural reference is just an abbreviation when properties are distributive, but not otherwise [Hossack]
     Full Idea: If all properties are distributive, plural reference is just a handy abbreviation to avoid repetition (as in 'A and B are hungry', to avoid 'A is hungry and B is hungry'), but not all properties are distributive (as in 'some people surround a table').
     From: Keith Hossack (Plurals and Complexes [2000], 2)
     A reaction: The characteristic examples to support plural quantification involve collective activity and relations, which might be weeded out of our basic ontology, thus leaving singular quantification as sufficient.
A plural comprehension principle says there are some things one of which meets some condition [Hossack]
     Full Idea: Singular comprehension principles have a bad reputation, but the plural comprehension principle says that given a condition on individuals, there are some things such that something is one of them iff it meets the condition.
     From: Keith Hossack (Plurals and Complexes [2000], 4)
5. Theory of Logic / L. Paradox / 5. Paradoxes in Set Theory / d. Russell's paradox
Plural language can discuss without inconsistency things that are not members of themselves [Hossack]
     Full Idea: In a plural language we can discuss without fear of inconsistency the things that are not members of themselves.
     From: Keith Hossack (Plurals and Complexes [2000], 4)
     A reaction: [see Hossack for details]