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'fragments/reports', 'On Note L to Bayle's 'Rorarius'' and 'Necessary Beings'
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5 ideas
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic
19296
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If second-order variables range over sets, those are just objects; properties and relations aren't sets [Hale]
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5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 5. Modus Ponens
8078
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Modus ponens is one of five inference rules identified by the Stoics [Chrysippus, by Devlin]
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5. Theory of Logic / C. Ontology of Logic / 4. Logic by Convention
19289
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Maybe conventionalism applies to meaning, but not to the truth of propositions expressed [Hale]
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5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle
6023
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Every proposition is either true or false [Chrysippus, by Cicero]
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5. Theory of Logic / H. Proof Systems / 4. Natural Deduction
19298
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Unlike axiom proofs, natural deduction proofs needn't focus on logical truths and theorems [Hale]
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