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'fragments/reports', 'Nietzsche's System' and 'Problems of Philosophy'
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5 ideas
5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 5. Modus Ponens
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Modus ponens is one of five inference rules identified by the Stoics [Chrysippus, by Devlin]
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Demonstration always relies on the rule that anything implied by a truth is true [Russell]
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5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle
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Every proposition is either true or false [Chrysippus, by Cicero]
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5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / b. Names as descriptive
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Proper names are really descriptions, and can be replaced by a description in a person's mind [Russell]
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5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 2. Descriptions / b. Definite descriptions
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The phrase 'a so-and-so' is an 'ambiguous' description'; 'the so-and-so' (singular) is a 'definite' description [Russell]
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