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'Thinking About Mathematics', 'Structures and Structuralism in Phil of Maths' and 'A Priori'
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29 ideas
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / b. Types of number
8763
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The number 3 is presumably identical as a natural, an integer, a rational, a real, and complex [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / g. Real numbers
10165
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'Analysis' is the theory of the real numbers [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / h. Reals from Cauchy
18249
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Cauchy gave a formal definition of a converging sequence. [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 1. Foundations for Mathematics
8764
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Categories are the best foundation for mathematics [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / a. Axioms for numbers
10174
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Mereological arithmetic needs infinite objects, and function definitions [Reck/Price]
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17715
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The truth of the axioms doesn't matter for pure mathematics, but it does for applied [Mares]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / e. Peano arithmetic 2nd-order
10164
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Peano Arithmetic can have three second-order axioms, plus '1' and 'successor' [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 5. Definitions of Number / f. Zermelo numbers
8762
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Two definitions of 3 in terms of sets disagree over whether 1 is a member of 3 [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 6. Mathematics as Set Theory / a. Mathematics is set theory
10172
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Set-theory gives a unified and an explicit basis for mathematics [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / a. Structuralism
8760
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Numbers do not exist independently; the essence of a number is its relations to other numbers [Shapiro]
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8761
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A 'system' is related objects; a 'pattern' or 'structure' abstracts the pure relations from them [Shapiro]
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10167
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Structuralism emerged from abstract algebra, axioms, and set theory and its structures [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / b. Varieties of structuralism
10169
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Relativist Structuralism just stipulates one successful model as its arithmetic [Reck/Price]
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10179
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There are 'particular' structures, and 'universal' structures (what the former have in common) [Reck/Price]
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10181
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Pattern Structuralism studies what isomorphic arithmetic models have in common [Reck/Price]
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10182
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There are Formalist, Relativist, Universalist and Pattern structuralism [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / c. Nominalist structuralism
10168
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Formalist Structuralism says the ontology is vacuous, or formal, or inference relations [Reck/Price]
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10178
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Maybe we should talk of an infinity of 'possible' objects, to avoid arithmetic being vacuous [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / d. Platonist structuralism
10176
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Universalist Structuralism is based on generalised if-then claims, not one particular model [Reck/Price]
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10177
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Universalist Structuralism eliminates the base element, as a variable, which is then quantified out [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / e. Structuralism critique
10171
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The existence of an infinite set is assumed by Relativist Structuralism [Reck/Price]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 4. Mathematical Empiricism / a. Mathematical empiricism
17716
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Mathematics is relations between properties we abstract from experience [Mares]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 6. Logicism / d. Logicism critique
8744
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Logicism seems to be a non-starter if (as is widely held) logic has no ontology of its own [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 7. Formalism
8749
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Term Formalism says mathematics is just about symbols - but real numbers have no names [Shapiro]
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8750
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Game Formalism is just a matter of rules, like chess - but then why is it useful in science? [Shapiro]
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8752
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Deductivism says mathematics is logical consequences of uninterpreted axioms [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 10. Constructivism / b. Intuitionism
8753
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Critics resent the way intuitionism cripples mathematics, but it allows new important distinctions [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 10. Constructivism / c. Conceptualism
8731
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Conceptualist are just realists or idealist or nominalists, depending on their view of concepts [Shapiro]
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 10. Constructivism / d. Predicativism
8730
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'Impredicative' definitions refer to the thing being described [Shapiro]
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