Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Lectures on the History of Philosophy', 'Ontological Dependence' and 'The Trouble with Being Born'

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7 ideas

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / b. Being and existence
An object's 'being' isn't existence; there's more to an object than existence, and its nature doesn't include existence [Fine,K]
     Full Idea: It seems wrong to identify the 'being' of an object, its being what it is, with its existence. In one respect existence is too weak; for there is more to an object than mere existence; also too strong, for an object's nature need not include existence.
     From: Kit Fine (Ontological Dependence [1995], I)
     A reaction: The word 'being' has been shockingly woolly, from Parmenides to Heidegger, but if you identify it with a thing's 'nature' that strikes me as much clearer (even if a little misty).
7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 3. Being / i. Deflating being
The word 'being' is very tempting, but in fact means nothing at all [Cioran]
     Full Idea: Whether it is spoken by a grocer or a philosopher, the word 'being', apparently so rich, so tempting, so charged with significance, in fact means nothing at all; incredible that a man in his right mind can use it on any occasion whatever.
     From: E.M. Cioran (The Trouble with Being Born [1973], 12)
     A reaction: I entirely agree. It resembles the redundancy view of 'true' (with which I do not agree).
7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 4. Ontological Dependence
There is 'weak' dependence in one definition, and 'strong' dependence in all the definitions [Fine,K]
     Full Idea: An object 'weakly' depends upon another if it is ineliminably involved in one of its definitions; and it 'strongly' depends upon the other if it is ineliminably involved in all of its definitions.
     From: Kit Fine (Ontological Dependence [1995], III)
     A reaction: It is important to remember that a definition can be very long, and not just what might go into a dictionary.
A natural modal account of dependence says x depends on y if y must exist when x does [Fine,K]
     Full Idea: A natural account of dependence in terms of modality and existence is that one thing x will depend on another thing y just in case it is necessary that y exists if x exists (or in the symbolism of modal logic, □(Ex→Ey).
     From: Kit Fine (Ontological Dependence [1995], I)
     A reaction: He is going to criticise this view (which he traces back to Aristotle and Husserl). It immediately seems possible that there might be counterexamples. x might depend on y, but not necessarily depend on y. Necessities may not produce dependence.
An object depends on another if the second cannot be eliminated from the first's definition [Fine,K]
     Full Idea: The objects upon which a given object depends, according to the present account, are those which must figure in any of the logically equivalent definitions of the object. They will, in a sense, be ineliminable.
     From: Kit Fine (Ontological Dependence [1995], II)
     A reaction: This is Fine's main proposal for the dependency relationship, with a context of Aristotelian essences understood as definitions. Sounds pretty good to me.
Dependency is the real counterpart of one term defining another [Fine,K]
     Full Idea: The notion of one object depending upon another is the real counterpart to the nominal notion of one term being definable in terms of another.
     From: Kit Fine (Ontological Dependence [1995], II)
     A reaction: This begins to fill out the Aristotelian picture very nicely, since definitions are right at the centre of the nature of things (though a much more transitional part of the story than Fine seems to think).
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 4. Anti-realism
People who really believe anti-realism don't bother to prove it [Cioran]
     Full Idea: When you know quite absolutely that everything is unreal, you then cannot see why you should take the trouble to prove it.
     From: E.M. Cioran (The Trouble with Being Born [1973], 02)
     A reaction: Does the same apply to realists? There are at least genuine arguments in both directions. Presumably the thought is that realists have something they care about, but true anti-realists don't.