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Ideas for 'Reply to Richards', 'Vagueness' and 'A Survey of Metaphysics'

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30 ideas

7. Existence / A. Nature of Existence / 4. Abstract Existence
4239 Nominalists deny abstract objects, because we can have no reason to believe in their existence [Lowe]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 1. Nature of Change
4202 Change can be of composition (the component parts), or quality (properties), or substance [Lowe]
4201 Four theories of qualitative change are 'a is F now', or 'a is F-at-t', or 'a-at-t is F', or 'a is-at-t F' [Lowe, by PG]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 4. Events / a. Nature of events
4219 Numerically distinct events of the same kind (like two battles) can coincide in space and time [Lowe]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 4. Events / b. Events as primitive
4221 Maybe modern physics requires an event-ontology, rather than a thing-ontology [Lowe]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 4. Events / c. Reduction of events
4220 Maybe an event is the exemplification of a property at a time [Lowe]
4225 Events are changes in the properties of or relations between things [Lowe]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / a. Problem of vagueness
21589 When bivalence is rejected because of vagueness, we lose classical logic [Williamson]
21596 Vagueness undermines the stable references needed by logic [Williamson]
21601 A vague term can refer to very precise elements [Williamson]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / b. Vagueness of reality
21629 Equally fuzzy objects can be identical, so fuzziness doesn't entail vagueness [Williamson]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / c. Vagueness as ignorance
21591 Vagueness is epistemic. Statements are true or false, but we often don't know which [Williamson]
21619 If a heap has a real boundary, omniscient speakers would agree where it is [Williamson]
21620 The epistemic view says that the essence of vagueness is ignorance [Williamson]
21622 If there is a true borderline of which we are ignorant, this drives a wedge between meaning and use [Williamson]
9120 Vagueness in a concept is its indiscriminability from other possible concepts [Williamson]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / d. Vagueness as linguistic
21625 The vagueness of 'heap' can remain even when the context is fixed [Williamson]
21614 The 'nihilist' view of vagueness says that 'heap' is not a legitimate concept [Williamson]
21617 We can say propositions are bivalent, but vague utterances don't express a proposition [Williamson]
21618 If the vague 'TW is thin' says nothing, what does 'TW is thin if his perfect twin is thin' say? [Williamson]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / e. Higher-order vagueness
21590 Asking when someone is 'clearly' old is higher-order vagueness [Williamson]
7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / f. Supervaluation for vagueness
21592 Supervaluation keeps classical logic, but changes the truth in classical semantics [Williamson]
21603 You can't give a precise description of a language which is intrinsically vague [Williamson]
21604 Supervaluation assigns truth when all the facts are respected [Williamson]
21607 Supervaluation has excluded middle but not bivalence; 'A or not-A' is true, even when A is undecided [Williamson]
21608 Truth-functionality for compound statements fails in supervaluation [Williamson]
21609 Supervaluationism defines 'supertruth', but neglects it when defining 'valid' [Williamson]
21610 Supervaluation adds a 'definitely' operator to classical logic [Williamson]
21613 Supervaluationism cannot eliminate higher-order vagueness [Williamson]
7. Existence / E. Categories / 3. Proposed Categories
4196 The main categories of existence are either universal and particular, or abstract and concrete [Lowe]