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Ideas for 'The Origin of the Work of Art', 'Letters to Jacques Lenfant' and 'Nietzsche: a philosophical biography'

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8. Modes of Existence / C. Powers and Dispositions / 2. Powers as Basic
The most primitive thing in substances is force, which leads to their actions and dispositions [Leibniz]
     Full Idea: Since everything that one conceives in substances reduces to their actions and passions and to the dispositions that they have for this effect, I don't see how one can find there anything more primitive than the principle of all of this, which is force.
     From: Gottfried Leibniz (Letters to Jacques Lenfant [1693], 1693.11.25), quoted by Daniel Garber - Leibniz:Body,Substance,Monad 4
     A reaction: This is an attempt to connect Aristotelian essentialism with the notion of force in the new physics, and strikes me as an improvement on the original, and as good a basis for metaphysics as any I have heard of.