Combining Texts

Ideas for 'Metaphysics', 'Essay Conc Human Understanding (2nd Ed)' and 'The Value of Science'

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73 ideas

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 1. Essences of Objects
12498 Particular substances are coexisting ideas that seem to flow from a hidden essence [Locke]
12520 The best I can make of real essence is figure, size and connection of solid parts [Locke]
13771 Real essence is the constitution of the unknown parts of a body which produce its qualities [Locke]
11199 Aristotelian essence underlies behaviour, or underlies definition, or is the source of existence [Aristotle, by Aquinas]
12304 Aristotelian essence is retained with identity through change, and bases our scientific knowledge [Aristotle, by Copi]
11294 Aristotle says changing, material things (and not just universals) have an essence [Aristotle, by Politis]
11298 Are essences actually universals? [Aristotle, by Politis]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 2. Types of Essence
12099 Aristotelian essences are causal, not classificatory [Aristotle, by Witt]
16038 Locke may distinguish real essence from internal constitution, claiming the latter is knowable [Locke, by Jones,J-E]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 3. Individual Essences
12311 Particulars are not definable, because they fluctuate [Aristotle]
12069 Essence is the cause of individual substance, and creates its unity [Aristotle, by Witt]
12070 Individual essences are not universals, since those can't be substances, or cause them [Aristotle, by Witt]
12088 Aristotelian essence is not universal properties, but individual essence [Aristotle, by Witt]
11998 Aristotle does not accept individual essences; essential properties are always general [Aristotle, by Kung]
12083 Aristotle's essence explains the existence of an individual substance, not its properties [Aristotle, by Witt]
11382 Aristotle takes essence and form as a particular, not (as some claim) as a universal, the species [Aristotle, by Politis]
16097 To be a subject a thing must be specifiable, with some essential properties [Aristotle, by Gill,ML]
12810 We can conceive an individual without assigning it to a kind [Locke, by Jolley]
16786 You can't distinguish individuals without the species as a standard [Locke]
15992 Many individuals grouped under one name vary more than some things that have different names [Locke]
17846 The essence of a single thing is the essence of a particular [Aristotle]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 4. Essence as Definition
10963 A thing's essence is what is mentioned in its definition [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred]
11292 Things have an essence if their explanation is a definition [Aristotle]
11287 Essence is what is stated in the definition [Aristotle, by Politis]
12091 If definition is of universals, many individuals have no definition, and hence no essence [Aristotle, by Witt]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind
11188 The Aristotelian view is that the essential properties are those that sort an object [Aristotle, by Marcus (Barcan)]
12530 The less rational view of essences is that they are moulds for kinds of natural thing [Locke]
12532 Even real essence depends on a sort, since it is sorts which have the properties [Locke]
12539 If every sort has its real essence, one horse, being many sorts, will have many essences [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 6. Essence as Unifier
10964 Having an essence is the criterion of being a substance [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred]
12510 Not all identity is unity of substance [Locke]
11291 A thing's essence is its intrinsic nature [Aristotle]
12098 An essence causes both its own unity and its kind [Aristotle]
11155 Essence is the very being of any thing, whereby it is what it is [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / c. Essentials are necessary
15107 Aristotle doesn't see essential truths or essential properties as necessary [Aristotle, by Koslicki]
12560 We can only slightly know necessary co-existence of qualities, if they are primary [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 8. Essence as Explanatory
11244 Metaphysics is the science of ultimate explanation, or of pure existence, or of primary existence [Aristotle, by Politis]
16787 Explanatory essence won't do, because it won't distinguish the accidental from the essential [Locke, by Pasnau]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 9. Essence and Properties
16143 It is absurd that a this and a substance should be composed of a quality [Aristotle]
16028 Lockean real essence makes a thing what it is, and produces its observable qualities [Locke, by Jones,J-E]
12305 Locke's essences determine the other properties, so the two will change together [Locke, by Copi]
15985 It is impossible for two things with the same real essence to differ in properties [Locke]
12534 We cannot know what properties are necessary to gold, unless we first know its real essence [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 10. Essence as Species
16106 Generalities like man and horse are not substances, but universal composites of account and matter [Aristotle]
16144 Genera are not substances, and do not exist apart from the ingredient species [Aristotle]
12359 'Categories' answers 'what?' with species, genus, differerentia; 'Met.' Z.17 seeks causal essence [Aristotle, by Wedin]
12068 Standardly, Aristotelian essences are taken to be universals of the species [Aristotle, by Witt]
16141 In 'Met.' he says genera can't be substances or qualities, so aren't in the ontology [Aristotle, by Frede,M]
13434 In our ideas, the idea of essence is inseparable from the concept of a species [Locke]
16035 If we based species on real essences, the individuals would be as indistinguishable as two circles [Locke]
16036 Internal constitution doesn't decide a species; should a watch contain four wheels or five? [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 11. Essence of Artefacts
16508 Things are more unified if the unity comes from their own nature, not from external force [Aristotle]
16117 The hallmark of an artefact is that its active source of maintenance is external [Aristotle, by Gill,ML]
12540 Artificial things like watches and pistols have distinct kinds [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 13. Nominal Essence
16031 Real essence explains observable qualities, but not what kind of thing it is [Locke, by Jones,J-E]
12537 To be a nominal essence, a complex idea must exhibit unity [Locke]
15646 If essence is 'nominal', artificial gold (with its surface features) would qualify as 'gold' [Locke, by Eagle]
12306 'Nominal essence' is everything contained in the idea of a particular sort of thing [Locke, by Copi]
15988 The observable qualities are never the real essence, since they depend on real essence [Locke]
15644 In nominal essence, Locke confuses the set of properties with the abstracted idea of them [Eagle on Locke]
16029 Locke's real and nominal essence refers back to Aristotle's real and nominal definitions [Locke, by Jones,J-E]
12531 Nominal Essence is the abstract idea to which a name is attached [Locke]
13433 Essences relate to sorting words; if you replace those with names, essences vanish [Locke]
12533 Real essences are unknown, so only the nominal essence connects things to a species [Locke]
12557 Our ideas of substance are based on mental archetypes, but these come from the world [Locke]
12561 For 'all gold is malleable' to be necessary, it must be part of gold's nominal essence [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 14. Knowledge of Essences
12092 Aristotle claims that the individual is epistemologically prior to the universal [Aristotle, by Witt]
12090 Actual knowledge is of the individual, and potential knowledge of the universal [Aristotle, by Witt]
12525 The essence of a triangle is simple; presumably substance essences are similar [Locke]
13431 A space between three lines is both the nominal and real essence of a triangle, the source of its properties [Locke]
13423 The schools recognised that they don't really know essences, because they couldn't coin names for them [Locke]
9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism
12804 There are no independent natural kinds - or our classifications have to be subjective [Locke, by Jolley]
12547 We know five properties of gold, but cannot use four of them to predict the fifth one [Locke]