31 ideas
1642 | We must fight fiercely for knowledge, understanding and intelligence [Plato] |
Full Idea: We need to use every argument we can to fight against anyone who does away with knowledge, understanding, and intelligence, but at the same time asserts anything at all about anything. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 249c) | |
A reaction: Thus showing that reason is only central if you want to put a high value on it? |
1645 | The desire to split everything into its parts is unpleasant and unphilosophical [Plato] |
Full Idea: To try to set apart everything from everything is not only especially jangling, but it is the mark of someone altogether unmusical and unphilosophic. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 259e) |
287 | Good analysis involves dividing things into appropriate forms without confusion [Plato] |
Full Idea: It takes expertise in dialectic to divide things by kinds and not to think that the same form is a different one or that a different form is the same. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 253d) |
1644 | Dialectic should only be taught to those who already philosophise well [Plato] |
Full Idea: The dialectical capacity - you won't give it to anyone else, I suspect, except to whoever philosophises purely and justly. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 253e) |
20478 | In discussion a person's opinions are shown to be in conflict, leading to calm self-criticism [Plato] |
Full Idea: They collect someone's opinions together during the discussion, put them side by side, and show that they conflict with each other at the same time on the same subjects.... The person sees this, gets angry at themselves, and calmer towards others. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 230b) | |
A reaction: He goes on to say that the process is like a doctor purging a patient of internal harms. If anyone talks for long enough (even a good philosopher), their opinions will probably be seen to be in conflict. But which opinions do you abandon? |
20457 | Zeno assumes collecting an infinity of things makes an infinite thing [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: One possible answer is that Zeno is wrong because it is not true that by accumulating an infinite number of things one ends up with an infinite thing. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 01) | |
A reaction: I do love it when deep and complex ideas are expressed with perfect simplicity. As long as the simple version is correct. |
11278 | What does 'that which is not' refer to? [Plato] |
Full Idea: What should the name 'that which is not' be applied to? | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 237c) | |
A reaction: This leads into a discussion of the problem, in The Sophist. It became a large issue when modern logic was being developed by Frege and Russell. |
1643 | If statements about non-existence are logically puzzling, so are statements about existence [Plato] |
Full Idea: When the question was put to us as to the name of 'that which is not', to whatever one must apply it, we got stuck in every kind of perplexity. Are we now in any less perplexity about 'that which is'? | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 250d) | |
A reaction: Nice. This precapitulates the whole story of modern philosophy of language. What started as a nagging doubt about reference to non-existents ends as bewilderment about everything we say. |
7022 | To be is to have a capacity, to act on other things, or to receive actions [Plato] |
Full Idea: A thing really is if it has any capacity, either by nature to do something to something else or to have even the smallest thing done to it by the most trivial thing, even if it only happens once. I'll define those which are as nothing other than capacity. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 247e) | |
A reaction: If philosophy is footnotes to Plato, this should be the foundational remark in all discussions of existence (though Parmenides might claim priority). It seems to say 'to be is to have a causal role (active or passive)'. It also seems essentialist. |
20468 | Quantum mechanics deals with processes, rather than with things [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: Quantum mechanics teaches us not to think about the world in terms of 'things' which are in this or that state, but in terms of 'processes' instead. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) |
20467 | Quantum mechanics describes the world entirely as events [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: The world of quantum mechanics is not a world of objects: it is a world of events. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: I presume a philosopher is allowed to ask what an 'event' is. Since, as Rovelli tells it, time is eliminated from the picture, events seem to be unanalysable primitives. |
1641 | Some alarming thinkers think that only things which you can touch exist [Plato] |
Full Idea: One group drags everything down to earth, insisting that only what offers tangible contact is, since they define being as the same as body, despising anyone who says that something without a body is. These are frightening men. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 246b) | |
A reaction: Intellectually speaking, Plato seems to have been rather timid. Dualism, and its world of ideas, seemed obvious to him, but physicalism is clearly more plausible in the age of neuroscience (even if it is still rejected). |
10784 | Whenever there's speech it has to be about something [Plato] |
Full Idea: Whenever there's speech it has to be about something. It's impossible for it not to be about something. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 262e) | |
A reaction: [Quoted by Marcus about ontological commitment] The interesting test case would be speech about the existence of circular squares. |
16122 | Good thinkers spot forms spread through things, or included within some larger form [Plato] |
Full Idea: It takes dialectic to divide things by kinds...such a person can discriminate a single form spread through a lot of separate things…and forms included in a single outside form…or a form connected as a unit through many wholes. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 253d) | |
A reaction: [compressed] This is very helpful in indicating the complex structure of the Forms that Plato envisages. If you talk of the meanings of words (other than names), though, it comes to the same thing. Wise people fully understand their language. |
10422 | The not-beautiful is part of the beautiful, though opposed to it, and is just as real [Plato] |
Full Idea: So 'the not beautiful' turns out to be ..both marked off within one kind of those that are, and also set over against one of those that are, ..and the beautiful is no more a being than the not beautiful. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 257d) | |
A reaction: [dialogue eliminated] This is a highly significant passage, for two reasons. It suggests that the Form of the beautiful can have parts, and also that the negations of Forms are Forms themselves (both of which come as a surprise). |
15855 | If we see everything as separate, we can then give no account of it [Plato] |
Full Idea: To dissociate each thing from everything else is to destroy totally everything there is to say. The weaving together of forms is what makes speech [logos] possible for us. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 259e) | |
A reaction: This I take to be the lynchpin of metaphysics. We are forced to see the world in a way which enables us to give some sort of account of it. Our metaphysics is 'inference to the best logos'. |
1637 | A soul without understanding is ugly [Plato] |
Full Idea: The soul that lacks understanding must be set down as ugly. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 228d) | |
A reaction: The teleological view of things understands their nature in things of their perfection. and the essence of beauty is perfection. It is the mind's nature to know. Failing to know is as ugly as allowing your crops to die. |
1636 | Wickedness is an illness of the soul [Plato] |
Full Idea: Wickedness is a sedition and illness of the soul. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 228b) |
1638 | Didactic education is hard work and achieves little [Plato] |
Full Idea: With a lot of effort the admonitory species of education accomplishes little. | |
From: Plato (The Sophist [c.359 BCE], 230a) |
20469 | There are probably no infinities, and 'infinite' names what we do not yet know [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: 'Infinite', ultimately, is the name that we give to what we do not yet know. Nature appears to be telling us that there is nothing truly infinite. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 11) |
20461 | The basic ideas of fields and particles are merged in quantum mechanics [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: The notions of fields and particles, separated by Faraday and Maxwell, end up merging in quantum mechanics. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: This sounds to me just like Anaximander's 'apeiron' - the unlimited [Rovelli agrees! p.168]. Anaximander predicted the wall which enquiry would hit, but we now have more detail. |
20462 | Because it is quantised, a field behaves like a set of packets of energy [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: Since the energy of the electromagnetic field can take on only certain values, the field behaves like a set of packets of energy. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) |
20463 | There are about fifteen particles fields, plus a few force fields [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: There are about fifteen fields, whose quanta are elementary particles (electrons, quarks, muons, neutrinos, Higgs, and little else), plus a few fields similar to the electromagnetic one, which describe forces at a nuclear scale, with quanta like photons. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: According to Rovelli, this sentence describes the essence of physical reality. |
20464 | The world consists of quantum fields, with elementary events happening in spacetime [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: The world is not made up of fields and particles, but of a single type of entity: the quantum field. There are no longer particles which move in space with the passage of time, but quantum fields whose elementary events happen in spacetime. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: If you are not a scientist, there is (I find) a strong tendency to read and digest stuff like this, and then forget it the next day, because it so far from our experience. Folk like me have to develop two parallel views of the nature of reality. |
20460 | Electrons are not waves, because their collisions are at a point, and not spread out [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: Schrödinger's wave is a bad image for an electron, because when a particle collides with something else, it is always at a point: it is never spread out in space like a wave. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04 note) | |
A reaction: And yet there is the diffusion in the two-slit experiment, which Thomas Young discovered for light. I must take Rovelli's word for this. |
20459 | Electrons only exist when they interact, and their being is their combination of quantum leaps [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: Electrons don't always exist. They exist when they interact. They materialize when they collide with something. The quantum leap from one orbit to another constitutes their way of being real. An electron is a combination of leaps between interactions. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: If a philosopher with an Aristotelian interest in the nature of matter wants to grasp the modern view, the electron looks like the thing to focus on. You can feel Rovelli battling here to find formulations that might satisfy a philosopher. |
20466 | Quantum Theory describes events and possible interactions - not how things are [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: Quantum Theory does not describe things as they are: it describes how things occur and interact with each other. It doesn't describe where there is a particle but how it shows itself to others. The world of existence is reduced to possible interactions. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) | |
A reaction: Fans of 'process philosophy' should like this, though he is not denying that there may be facts about how things are - it is just that this is not mentioned in the theory. There is not much point in philosophers yearning to know the reality. |
20465 | Nature has three aspects: granularity, indeterminacy, and relations [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: I think that quantum mechanics has revealed three aspects of the nature of things: granularity, indeterminacy, and the relational structure of the world. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 04) |
20458 | The world is just particles plus fields; space is the gravitational field [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: The world is made up of particles + fields, and nothing else; there is no need to add space as an extra ingredient. Newton's space is the gravitational field. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 03) | |
A reaction: I get the impression that particles are just bumps or waves in the fields [yes! Rovelli p.110], which would mean there are fields and nothing else. And no one seems to know what a field is. |
20470 | Only heat distinguishes past from future [Rovelli] |
Full Idea: It is always heat and only heat that distinguishes the past from the future. | |
From: Carlo Rovelli (Reality is Not What it Seems [2014], 12) | |
A reaction: I can remember the past but not the future - so can that fact be reduced to facts about heat? |
7482 | Resurrection developed in Judaism as a response to martyrdoms, in about 160 BCE [Anon (Dan), by Watson] |
Full Idea: The idea of resurrection in Judaism seems to have first developed around 160 BCE, during the time of religious martyrdom, and as a response to it (the martyrs were surely not dying forever?). It is first mentioned in the book of Daniel. | |
From: report of Anon (Dan) (27: Book of Daniel [c.165 BCE], Ch.7) by Peter Watson - Ideas | |
A reaction: Idea 7473 suggests that Zoroaster beat them to it by 800 years. |