16 ideas
11103 | We aren't stuck with our native conceptual scheme; we can gradually change it [Quine] |
Full Idea: We must not leap to the fatalistic conclusion that we are stuck with the conceptual scheme that we grew up in. We can change it bit by bit, plank by plank. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 5) | |
A reaction: This is an interesting commitment to Strawson's 'revisionary' metaphysics, rather than its duller cousin 'descriptive' metaphysics. Good for Quine. Remember, though, Davidson's 'On the Very Idea of Conceptual Scheme'. |
11092 | A river is a process, with stages; if we consider it as one thing, we are considering a process [Quine] |
Full Idea: A river is a process through time, and the river stages are its momentary parts. Identification of the river bathed in once with the river bathed in again is just what determines our subject matter to be a river process as opposed to a river stage. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 1) | |
A reaction: So if we take a thing which has stages, but instead of talking about the stages we talk about a single thing that endures through them, then we are talking about a process. Sounds very good to me. |
16045 | General facts supervene on particular facts, but cannot be inferred from them [Russell, by Bennett,K] |
Full Idea: Russell noted that you cannot arrive at general facts by inference from numerous particular facts, ..but general facts logically supervene on particular ones. So the general facts supervene, but are not entailed. | |
From: report of Bertrand Russell (On Relations of Universals and Particulars [1911]) by Karen Bennett - Supervenience §3.2 | |
A reaction: The belief that the general facts supervene on the particular ones then seems to be more a matter of faith than of fact. Or maybe it is analytic, depending on what we understand by 'general'. Universal, or generalised? |
11093 | We don't say 'red' is abstract, unlike a river, just because it has discontinuous shape [Quine] |
Full Idea: 'Red' is surely not going to be opposed to 'Cayster' [name of a river], as abstract to concrete, merely because of discontinuity in geometrical shape? | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 2) | |
A reaction: I've been slow to grasp the truth of this. However, Quine assumes that 'red' is concrete because 'Cayster' is, but it is perfectly arguable that 'Cayster' is an abstraction, despite all that water. |
11101 | General terms don't commit us ontologically, but singular terms with substitution do [Quine] |
Full Idea: The use of general terms does not commit us to admitting a corresponding abstract entity into our ontology, but an abstract singular term, including the law of putting equals for equals, flatly commits us to an abstract entity named by the term. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 4) | |
A reaction: Does this mean that in 'for the sake of the children', I have to believe in 'sakes' if I can find a synonym which will substitute for it? |
11096 | Discourse generally departmentalizes itself to some degree [Quine] |
Full Idea: Discourse generally departmentalizes itself to some degree. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 2) | |
A reaction: I pick this out because I think it is important. There is a continually shifting domain in any conversation ('what we are talking about'), and speech cannot be understand if the shifting domain or department has not been grasped. |
14327 | Trope theorists cannot explain how tropes resemble each other [Russell, by Mumford] |
Full Idea: The trope theorist cannot explain how a number of tropes resemble each other. | |
From: report of Bertrand Russell (On Relations of Universals and Particulars [1911]) by Stephen Mumford - Dispositions 07.6 | |
A reaction: [My 13,000th Idea: 31/10/11] Every theory is left with something it cannot explain. Is it likely that we could come up with an explanation of resemblance? It seems like a combination of identity in the physics, and identity in the brain mechanisms. |
11099 | Understanding 'is square' is knowing when to apply it, not knowing some object [Quine] |
Full Idea: No more need be demanded of 'is square' than that our listener learn when to expect us to apply it to an object and when not; there is no need for the phrase itself to be the name in turn of a separate object of any kind. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 4) |
11094 | 'Red' is a single concrete object in space-time; 'red' and 'drop' are parts of a red drop [Quine] |
Full Idea: Why not view 'red' as naming a single concrete object extended in space and time? ..To say a drop is red is to say that the one object, the drop, is a spatio-temporal part of the other, red, as a waterfall is part of a river. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 2) |
11097 | Red is the largest red thing in the universe [Quine] |
Full Idea: Red is the largest red thing in the universe - the scattered total thing whose parts are all the red things. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 3) |
17595 | To unite a sequence of ostensions to make one object, a prior concept of identity is needed [Quine] |
Full Idea: The concept of identity is central in specifying spatio-temporally broad objects by ostension. Without identity, n acts of ostension merely specify up to n objects. ..But when we affirm identity of object between ostensions, they refer to the same object. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 1) | |
A reaction: Quine says that there is an induction involved. On the whole, Quine seems to give a better account of identity than Geach or Wiggins can offer. |
11095 | We should just identify any items which are indiscernible within a given discourse [Quine] |
Full Idea: We might propound the maxim of the 'identification of indiscernibles': Objects indistinguishable from one another within the terms of a given discourse should be construed as identical for that discourse. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 2) | |
A reaction: This increasingly strikes me as the correct way to discuss such things. Identity is largely contextual, and two things can be viewed as type-identical for practical purposes (e.g. teaspoons), but distinguished if it is necessary. |
11104 | Concepts are language [Quine] |
Full Idea: Concepts are language. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 5) | |
A reaction: Hm. This seems to mean that animals and pre-linguistic children have no concepts. I just don't believe that. |
11102 | Apply '-ness' or 'class of' to abstract general terms, to get second-level abstract singular terms [Quine] |
Full Idea: Applying the operator '-ness' or 'class of' to abstract general terms, we get second-level abstract singular terms. | |
From: Willard Quine (Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis [1950], 5) | |
A reaction: This is the derivation of abstract concepts by naming classes, rather than by deriving equivalence classes. Any theory which doesn't allow multi-level abstraction is self-evidently hopeless. Quine says Frege and Russell get numbers this way. |
1748 | Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless [Archelaus, by Diog. Laertius] |
Full Idea: Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless. | |
From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Diogenes Laertius - Lives of Eminent Philosophers 02.Ar.3 |
5989 | Archelaus said life began in a primeval slime [Archelaus, by Schofield] |
Full Idea: Archelaus wrote that life on Earth began in a primeval slime. | |
From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Malcolm Schofield - Archelaus | |
A reaction: This sounds like a fairly clearcut assertion of the production of life by evolution. Darwin's contribution was to propose the mechanism for achieving it. We should honour the name of Archelaus for this idea. |