11 ideas
5303 | For the proletariate, law, morality and religion are just expressions of bourgeois interests [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: Law, morality, religion are to the proletarian so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §1) | |
A reaction: This Marxist idea has been the main driving force in spreading relativist views through modern culture. There is a lot of truth here, but philosophy is plausibly the search for truths which both the bourgeois and the proletarian will accept. |
21998 | Bourgeois interests create our morality, law and religion [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: Morality, law and religion are bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], p.230), quoted by Peter Singer - Marx 9 | |
A reaction: The obvious question is whether this creation of values is conscious or unconscious. Personally I believe in conspiracies. Some cynical conversations go on behind the scenes, of which historians will never hear. |
7076 | Mill wondered if he would be happy if all his aims were realised, and answered no [Mill, by Critchley] |
Full Idea: Mill, in his crisis of 1827, asked himself whether he would be happy if all his objects in life were realised, and had to answer that he would not. | |
From: report of John Stuart Mill (Autobiography [1870]) by Simon Critchley - Continental Philosophy - V. Short Intro Ch.3 | |
A reaction: The reply is either that happiness is in the striving, or that his aims in life were wrong, or that happiness is impossible. It seems to contradict Kant's definition (Idea 1452). |
5302 | Modern governments are just bourgeois management committees [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: The executive of the modern State is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §1) | |
A reaction: In Britain the Labour Party and the Trade Unions have appeared since 1848, but bourgeoisie control of the media has pushed us a long way back towards Marx's time. Government will always be someone's management committee. |
5304 | Communism aims to abolish not all property, but bourgeois property [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: The distinguishing feature of Communism is not the abolition of property generally, but the abolition of bourgeois property. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §2) | |
A reaction: This is a sinister remark which has led to huge numbers of murders in the Soviet Union and China. People resent having their property 'abolished', especially if they have worked hard for it. But most of our wealth is owned by about 2% of our people. |
5307 | Many of the bourgeois rights grievances are a form of self-defence [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: A part of the bourgeoisie is desirous of redressing social grievances, in order to secure the continued existence of bourgeois society. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §3.II) | |
A reaction: …so don't try being nice to us. No TRUE bourgeois would actually want to help the proletariate… Nevertheless, he is probably largely right. Do we want the poor to suffer? No. Do we want them to be as rich as us? No! |
5306 | The free development of each should be the condition for the free development of all [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: In a communist society we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §2) | |
A reaction: This ringing slogan is remarkably close to John Stuart Mill's defence of liberalism, where liberty is an absolute, as long as it avoids the liberty of others. Personally I think freedom is marginal in political philosophy, like food and shelter. |
5305 | Communists want to rescue education from the ruling class [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: Communists seek to rescue education from the influence of the ruling class. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §2) | |
A reaction: Someone has to control education, and I would personally prefer it if the controllers were well educated themselves. Neutral education is an idle dream. We must educate for democracy, if we really want democracy. |
5301 | The history of all existing society is the history of class struggles [Marx/Engels] |
Full Idea: The history of all existing society is the history of class struggles. | |
From: K Marx / F Engels (The Communist Manifesto [1848], §1) | |
A reaction: This seems to make, say, the English Peasants' Revolt of 1481 crucial, and the building of Lincoln Cathedral fairly minor. Where does the advent of the telephone figure? Etc. Still, we must concede his point. Most medieval history is about power. |
1748 | Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless [Archelaus, by Diog. Laertius] |
Full Idea: Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless. | |
From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Diogenes Laertius - Lives of Eminent Philosophers 02.Ar.3 |
5989 | Archelaus said life began in a primeval slime [Archelaus, by Schofield] |
Full Idea: Archelaus wrote that life on Earth began in a primeval slime. | |
From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Malcolm Schofield - Archelaus | |
A reaction: This sounds like a fairly clearcut assertion of the production of life by evolution. Darwin's contribution was to propose the mechanism for achieving it. We should honour the name of Archelaus for this idea. |