Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Sickness unto Death' and 'Essence and Being'

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9 ideas

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 1. Essences of Objects

14221	Serious essentialism says everything has essences, they're not things, and they ground necessities [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: Serious essentialism is the position that a) everything has an essence, b) essences are not themselves things, and c) essences are the ground for metaphysical necessity and possibility.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Intro')
	A reaction: If a house is being built, it might acquire an identity first, and only get an essence later. Essences can be physical, but if you extract them you destroy thing thing of which they were the essence. Does all of this apply to abstract 'things'.

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 6. Essence as Unifier

14222	Essences are what it is to be that (kind of) thing - in fact, they are the thing's identity [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: The route into essentialism is, first, a recognition that the essence of a thing is "what it is to be" that (kind of) thing; the essence of a thing is just its identity.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Essent')
	A reaction: The first half sounds right, and very Aristotelian. The second half is dramatically different, controversial, and far less plausible. Slipping in 'kind of' is also highly dubious. This remark shows, I think, some confusion about essences.

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 13. Nominal Essence

14226	We distinguish objects by their attributes, not by their essences [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: In ordinary contexts, we distinguish objects not by their essences but by their attributes.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Ess and Know')
	A reaction: Hence we have a gap between what bestows identity intrinsically, and how we bestow identity conventionally. If you could grasp the essence of something, you might predict a new attribute, as yet unobserved.

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism

14225	Critics say that essences are too mysterious to be known [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: According to critics, the thorniest problem for essentialism is the question of our knowledge of essence. It is usually at this point that terms of abuse such as 'dark', 'mysterious', and 'occult' are wheeled out.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Ess and Know')
	A reaction: I'm inclined to think that the existence of essences can be fairly conclusively inferred, but that attributing a precise identity to them is the biggest challenge.

10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality

14223	De dicto necessity has linguistic entities as their source, so it is a type of de re necessity [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: De dicto necessity is a species of de re necessity. Anyone prone to countenance de dicto necessity must recognise mental and/or linguistic entities, thus counting each of them as a res to which necessity attaches.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Essent')
	A reaction: This seems to rest on the Kit Fine thought that analytic necessities seem to derive from the essences of words such as 'bachelor'. I like this idea: all necessity is de re, but some of the 'things' are words.

16. Persons / B. Nature of the Self / 3. Self as Non-physical

16002	The self is a combination of pairs of attributes: freedom/necessity, infinite/finite, temporal/eternal [Kierkegaard]
	Full Idea: A human being is essentially spirit, but what is spirit? Spirit is to be a self. But what is the Self? In short, it is a synthesis of the infinite and the finite, of the temporal and the eternal, of freedom and necessity.
	From: Søren Kierkegaard (Sickness unto Death [1849], p.59)
	A reaction: The dense language of his first paragraph was to poke fun at fashionable Hegelian writing. The book gets very lucid afterwards! [SY]

19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 7. Extensional Semantics

14224	Equilateral and equiangular aren't the same, as we have to prove their connection [Shalkowski]
	Full Idea: That 'all and only equilateral triangles are equiangular' required proof, and not for mere curiosity, is grounds for thinking that being an equilateral triangle is not the same property as being an equiangular triangle.
	From: Scott Shalkowski (Essence and Being [2008], 'Serious')
	A reaction: If you start with equiangularity, does equilateralness then require proof? This famous example is of two concepts which seem to be coextensional, but seem to have a different intension. Does a dependence relation drive a wedge between them?

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 5. Infinite in Nature

1748	Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless [Archelaus, by Diog. Laertius]
	Full Idea: Archelaus was the first person to say that the universe is boundless.
	From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Diogenes Laertius - Lives of Eminent Philosophers 02.Ar.3

27. Natural Reality / G. Biology / 3. Evolution

5989	Archelaus said life began in a primeval slime [Archelaus, by Schofield]
	Full Idea: Archelaus wrote that life on Earth began in a primeval slime.
	From: report of Archelaus (fragments/reports [c.450 BCE]) by Malcolm Schofield - Archelaus
	A reaction: This sounds like a fairly clearcut assertion of the production of life by evolution. Darwin's contribution was to propose the mechanism for achieving it. We should honour the name of Archelaus for this idea.