Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Interview with Baggini and Stangroom' and 'Law, Pragmatism and Democracy'

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8 ideas

1. Philosophy / H. Continental Philosophy / 1. Continental Philosophy

6859	Analytic philosophy has much higher standards of thinking than continental philosophy [Williamson]
	Full Idea: Certain advances in philosophical standards have been made within analytic philosophy, and there would be a serious loss of integrity involved in abandoning them in the way required to participate in current continental philosophy.
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001], p.151)
	A reaction: The reply might be to concede the point, but say that the precision and rigour achieved are precisely what debar analytical philosophy from thinking about the really interesting problems. One might as well switch to maths and have done with it.

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 4. Fuzzy Logic

6862	Fuzzy logic uses a continuum of truth, but it implies contradictions [Williamson]
	Full Idea: Fuzzy logic is based on a continuum of degrees of truth, but it is committed to the idea that it is half-true that one identical twin is tall and the other twin is not, even though they are the same height.
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001], p.154)
	A reaction: Maybe to be shocked by a contradiction is missing the point of fuzzy logic? Half full is the same as half empty. The logic does not say the twins are different, because it is half-true that they are both tall, and half-true that they both aren't.

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 3. Value of Logic

6858	Formal logic struck me as exactly the language I wanted to think in [Williamson]
	Full Idea: As soon as I started learning formal logic, that struck me as exactly the language that I wanted to think in.
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001])
	A reaction: It takes all sorts… It is interesting that formal logic might be seen as having the capacity to live up to such an aspiration. I don't think the dream of an ideal formal language is dead, though it will never encompass all of reality. Poetic truth.

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 10. Vagueness / c. Vagueness as ignorance

6863	Close to conceptual boundaries judgement is too unreliable to give knowledge [Williamson]
	Full Idea: If one is very close to a conceptual boundary, then one's judgement will be too unreliable to constitute knowledge, and therefore one will be ignorant.
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001], p.156)
	A reaction: This is the epistemological rather than ontological interpretation of vagueness. It sounds very persuasive, but I am reluctant to accept that reality is full of very precise boundaries which we cannot quite discriminate.

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 3. Unity Problems / e. Vague objects

6861	What sort of logic is needed for vague concepts, and what sort of concept of truth? [Williamson]
	Full Idea: The problem of vagueness is the problem of what logic is correct for vague concepts, and correspondingly what notions of truth and falsity are applicable to vague statements (does one need a continuum of degrees of truth, for example?).
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001], p.153)
	A reaction: This certainly makes vagueness sound like one of the most interesting problems in all of philosophy, though also one of the most difficult. Williamson's solution is that we may be vague, but the world isn't.

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 1. Perception

6860	How can one discriminate yellow from red, but not the colours in between? [Williamson]
	Full Idea: If one takes a spectrum of colours from yellow to red, it might be that given a series of colour samples along that spectrum, each sample is indiscriminable by the naked eye from the next one, though samples at either end are blatantly different.
	From: Timothy Williamson (Interview with Baggini and Stangroom [2001], p.151)
	A reaction: This seems like a nice variant of the Sorites paradox (Idea 6008). One could demonstrate it with just three samples, where A and C seemed different from each other, but other comparisons didn't.

21. Aesthetics / C. Artistic Issues / 7. Art and Morality

468	Musical performance can reveal a range of virtues [Damon of Ath.]
	Full Idea: In singing and playing the lyre, a boy will be likely to reveal not only courage and moderation, but also justice.
	From: Damon (fragments/reports [c.460 BCE], B4), quoted by (who?) - where?

24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 5. Democracy / a. Nature of democracy

21131	Democracy is competition for support of the people, guided by self-interest on all sides [Posner]
	Full Idea: Democratic politics is a competition among self-interested politicians, constituting a ruling class, for the support of the people, also assumed to be self-interested, and none too interested or well informed about politics.
	From: Richard Posner (Law, Pragmatism and Democracy [2003], p.144), quoted by Andrew Shorten - Contemporary Political Theory 05
	A reaction: This articulates the 'competitive' view of democracy, as simply a technique for establishing legitimacy. Posner is also an economist, and they also assume that everyone is wholly self-interested, which may be why they are so frequently wrong.