Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'Euthyphro' and 'works'

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5 ideas

13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 2. Knowledge as Convention

1556	By nature people are close to one another, but culture drives them apart [Hippias]
	Full Idea: I regard you all as relatives - by nature, not by convention. By nature like is akin to like, but convention is a tyrant over humankind and often constrains people to act contrary to nature.
	From: Hippias (fragments/reports [c.430 BCE]), quoted by Plato - Protagoras 337c8

13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 6. Relativism Critique

335	Do the gods also hold different opinions about what is right and honourable? [Plato]
	Full Idea: Do the gods too hold different opinions about what is right, and similarly about what is honourable and dishonourable, good and bad?
	From: Plato (Euthyphro [c.398 BCE], 07e)

22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / b. Defining ethics

5319	Avoid punishment, then get rewards, avoid rejection, avoid guilt, accept contracts, follow conscience [Kohlberg, by Wilson,EO]
	Full Idea: Kohlberg's six stages of ethical development are: 1) avoid punishment, 2) obtain rewards, 3) avoid rejection, 4) avoid censure and guilt, 5) recognise contracts, 6) individual conscience.
	From: report of Lawrence Kohlberg (works [1969]) by Edmund O. Wilson - On Human Nature p.166
	A reaction: This doesn't throw much light on philosophical problems, but the order of the six stages is interesting. Beware of oversimplification, because a situation can put pressure on any one of these six aspects of morality.

28. God / A. Divine Nature / 6. Divine Morality / b. Euthyphro question

336	Is what is pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because they love it? (the 'Euthyphro Question') [Plato]
	Full Idea: Is what is pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because they love it?
	From: Plato (Euthyphro [c.398 BCE], 10a)
	A reaction: The famous Euthyphro Question, the key question about the supposed religious basis of morality. The answer of Socrates is Idea 337.

337	It seems that the gods love things because they are pious, rather than making them pious by loving them [Plato]
	Full Idea: So things are loved by the gods because they are pious, and not pious because they are loved? It seems so.
	From: Plato (Euthyphro [c.398 BCE], 10e)
	A reaction: Socrates' answer to the Euthyphro Question (see Idea 336). The form of piety precedes the gods.