21342
|
A relation is internal if two things possessing the relation could not fail to be related [Moore,GE, by Heil]
|
|
Full Idea:
Moore characterises internal relations modally, as those essential to their relata. If a and b are related R-wise, and R is an internal relation, a and b could not fail to be so related; otherwise R is external.
|
|
From:
report of G.E. Moore (External and Internal Relations [1919]) by John Heil - Relations 'Internal'
|
|
A reaction:
I don't think of Moore as an essentialist, but this fits the essentialist picture nicely, and is probably best paraphrased in terms of powers. Integers are the standard example of internal relations.
|
14296
|
Dispositions are physical states of mechanism; when known, these replace the old disposition term [Quine]
|
|
Full Idea:
Each disposition, in my view, is a physical state or mechanism. ...In some cases nowadays we understand the physical details and set them forth explicitly in terms of the arrangement and interaction of small bodies. This replaces the old disposition.
|
|
From:
Willard Quine (The Roots of Reference [1990], p.11), quoted by Stephen Mumford - Dispositions 01.3
|
|
A reaction:
A challenge to the dispositions and powers view of nature, one which rests on the 'categorical' structural properties, rather than the 'hypothetical' dispositions. But can we define a mechanism without mentioning its powers?
|
7510
|
Connectionists say the mind is a general purpose learning device [Pinker]
|
|
Full Idea:
Connectionists do not, of course, believe that the mind is a blank slate, but they do believe in the closest mechanistic equivalent, a general purpose learning device.
|
|
From:
Steven Pinker (The Blank Slate [2002], Ch.5)
|
|
A reaction:
This shows the closeness of connectionism to Hume's associationism (Idea 2189), which was just a minimal step away from Locke's mind as 'white paper' (Idea 7507). Pinker is defending 'human nature', but connectionism has a point.
|
7513
|
Is memory stored in protein sequences, neurons, synapses, or synapse-strengths? [Pinker]
|
|
Full Idea:
Are memories stored in protein sequences, in new neurons or synapses, or in changes in the strength of existing synapses?
|
|
From:
Steven Pinker (The Blank Slate [2002], Ch.5)
|
|
A reaction:
This seems to be a neat summary of current neuroscientific thinking about memory. If you are thinking that memory couldn't possibly be so physical, don't forget the mind-boggling number of events involved in each tiny memory. See Idea 6668.
|
7509
|
Roundworms live successfully with 302 neurons, so human freedom comes from our trillions [Pinker]
|
|
Full Idea:
The roundworm only has 959 cells, and 302 neurons in a fixed wiring diagram; it eats, mates, approaches and avoids certain smells, and that's about it. This makes it obvious that human 'free' behaviour comes from our complex biological makeup.
|
|
From:
Steven Pinker (The Blank Slate [2002], Ch.5)
|
|
A reaction:
I find this a persuasive example. Three hundred trillion neurons cannot possibly produce behaviour which is more than broadly predictable, and then it is the environment and culture that make it predictable, not the biology.
|
7512
|
There are five types of reasoning that seem beyond connectionist systems [Pinker, by PG]
|
|
Full Idea:
Connectionist networks have difficulty with the kind/individual distinction (ducks/this duck), with compositionality (relations), with quantification (reference of 'all'), with recursion (embedded thoughts), and the categorical reasoning (exceptions).
|
|
From:
report of Steven Pinker (The Blank Slate [2002], Ch.5) by PG - Db (ideas)
|
|
A reaction:
[Read Pinker p.80!] These are essentially all the more sophisticated aspects of logical reasoning that Pinker can think of. Personally I would be reluctant to say a priori that connectionism couldn't cope with these things, just because they seem tough.
|
7505
|
Many think that accepting human nature is to accept innumerable evils [Pinker]
|
|
Full Idea:
To acknowledge human nature, many think, is to endorse racism, sexism, war, greed, genocide, nihilism, reactionary politics, and neglect of children and the disadvantaged.
|
|
From:
Steven Pinker (The Blank Slate [2002], Pref)
|
|
A reaction:
The point is that modern liberal thinking says everything is nurture (which can be changed), not nature (which can't). Virtue theory, of which I am a fan, requires a concept of human nature, as the thing which can attain excellence in its function.
|