Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Phenomenalism', 'Epistemic Operators' and 'Necessary Truth'

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4 ideas

10. Modality / A. Necessity / 11. Denial of Necessity
There is no necessity higher than natural necessity, and that is just regularity [Quine]
11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 2. Phenomenalism
Modern phenomenalism holds that objects are logical constructions out of sense-data [Ayer]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / a. Sense-data theory
The concept of sense-data allows us to discuss appearances without worrying about reality [Ayer]
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / c. Knowledge closure
You have knowledge if you can rule out all the relevant alternatives to what you believe [Dretske, by DeRose]