Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Phenomenalism', 'Oldest System Prog. of German Idealism' and 'Identity'

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12 ideas

2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason

7083	Highest reason is aesthetic, and truth and good are subordinate to beauty [Hegel]

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / c. Counting procedure

16014

It is controversial whether only 'numerical identity' allows two things to be counted as one [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 4. Four-Dimensionalism

16024

I could have died at five, but the summation of my adult stages could not [Noonan]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 5. Temporal Parts

16023

Stage theorists accept four-dimensionalism, but call each stage a whole object [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 2. Defining Identity

16015

Problems about identity can't even be formulated without the concept of identity [Noonan]

16017

Identity is usually defined as the equivalence relation satisfying Leibniz's Law [Noonan]

16016

Identity definitions (such as self-identity, or the smallest equivalence relation) are usually circular [Noonan]

16020

Identity can only be characterised in a second-order language [Noonan]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 8. Leibniz's Law

16018

Indiscernibility is basic to our understanding of identity and distinctness [Noonan]

16019

Leibniz's Law must be kept separate from the substitutivity principle [Noonan]

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 2. Phenomenalism

2614	Modern phenomenalism holds that objects are logical constructions out of sense-data [Ayer]

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / a. Sense-data theory

2615	The concept of sense-data allows us to discuss appearances without worrying about reality [Ayer]