Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'A Short History of Ethics', 'fragments/reports' and 'Model Theory for Modal Logic I'

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22 ideas

1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 4. Early European Thought
8013 In the Reformation, morality became unconditional but irrational, individually autonomous, and secular [MacIntyre]
1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 5. Later European Thought
8021 The Levellers and the Diggers mark a turning point in the history of morality [MacIntyre]
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 3. Philosophy Defined
2666 Carneades' pinnacles of philosophy are the basis of knowledge (the criterion of truth) and the end of appetite (good) [Carneades, by Cicero]
3. Truth / B. Truthmakers / 10. Making Future Truths
21390 Future events are true if one day we will say 'this event is happening now' [Carneades]
21672 We say future things are true that will possess actuality at some following time [Carneades, by Cicero]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / h. System S5
9560 S5 provides the correct logic for necessity in the broadly logical sense [Fine,K]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 6. Identity between Objects
15825 Carneades denied the transitivity of identity [Carneades, by Chisholm]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 3. Types of Necessity
21389 Carneades distinguished logical from causal necessity, when talking of future events [Long on Carneades]
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 2. Psuche
8006 When Aristotle speaks of soul he means something like personality [MacIntyre]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 2. Sources of Free Will
21671 Voluntary motion is intrinsically within our power, and this power is its cause [Carneades, by Cicero]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 6. Determinism / a. Determinism
21391 Some actions are within our power; determinism needs prior causes for everything - so it is false [Carneades, by Cicero]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 6. Determinism / b. Fate
21674 Even Apollo can only foretell the future when it is naturally necessary [Carneades, by Cicero]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / j. Ethics by convention
8002 Sophists don't distinguish a person outside one social order from someone outside all order [MacIntyre]
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / b. Fact and value
8012 The value/fact logical gulf is misleading, because social facts involve values [MacIntyre]
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / i. Self-interest
7398 Carneades said that after a shipwreck a wise man would seize the only plank by force [Carneades, by Tuck]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / b. Eudaimonia
8005 'Happiness' is a bad translation of 'eudaimonia', which includes both behaving and faring well [MacIntyre]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / c. Justice
8001 'Dikaiosune' is justice, but also fairness and personal integrity [MacIntyre]
23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 2. Duty
8023 My duties depend on my identity, which depends on my social relations [MacIntyre]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 3. Natural Values / a. Natural freedom
8022 I am naturally free if I am not tied to anyone by a contract [MacIntyre]
25. Social Practice / C. Rights / 1. Basis of Rights
8031 Fans of natural rights or laws can't agree on what the actual rights or laws are [MacIntyre]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 1. Basis of justice
21392 People change laws for advantage; either there is no justice, or it is a form of self-injury [Carneades, by Lactantius]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 5. Bible
8008 The Bible is a story about God in which humans are incidental characters [MacIntyre]