Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'German Philosophy: a very short introduction', 'Justice as fairness: Political not Metaphysical' and 'works'

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10 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 2. History of Logic

11022

Gentzen introduced a natural deduction calculus (NK) in 1934 [Gentzen, by Read]

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 2. Logical Connectives / a. Logical connectives

11065

The inferential role of a logical constant constitutes its meaning [Gentzen, by Hanna]

11023

The logical connectives are 'defined' by their introduction rules [Gentzen]

11213

Each logical symbol has an 'introduction' rule to define it, and hence an 'elimination' rule [Gentzen]

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / g. Incompleteness of Arithmetic

10067

Gentzen proved the consistency of arithmetic from assumptions beyond arithmetic [Gentzen, by Musgrave]

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 3. Idealism / b. Transcendental idealism

22049

Transcendental idealism aims to explain objectivity through subjectivity [Bowie]

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 3. Idealism / d. Absolute idealism

22055

The Idealists saw the same unexplained spontaneity in Kant's judgements and choices [Bowie]

22054

German Idealism tried to stop oppositions of appearances/things and receptivity/spontaneity [Bowie]

22056

Crucial to Idealism is the idea of continuity between receptivity and spontaneous judgement [Bowie]

23. Ethics / E. Utilitarianism / 4. Unfairness

22406

The maximisation of happiness must be done fairly [Rawls, by Smart]