Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Locke on Essences and Kinds', 'Nietzsche: a philosophical biography' and 'Explanation and Reference'

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11 ideas

1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 4. Later European Philosophy / d. Nineteenth century philosophy

20110

Hegel, Fichte and Schelling wanted to know Kant's thing-in-itself, as ego, or nature, or spirit [Safranski]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 13. Nominal Essence

15642

If kinds depend only on what can be observed, many underlying essences might produce the same kind [Eagle]

15645

Nominal essence are the observable properties of things [Eagle]

15643

Nominal essence mistakenly gives equal weight to all underlying properties that produce appearances [Eagle]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 4. Source of Kinds

15641

Kinds are fixed by the essential properties of things - the properties that make it that kind of thing [Eagle]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]