Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'works (all lost)', 'On the Syllogism IV' and 'Explanation and Reference'

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14 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 6. Hopes for Philosophy

1749	If all laws were abolished, philosophers would still live as they do now [Aristippus elder]

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 6. Relations in Logic

17744

De Morgan started the study of relations and their properties [De Morgan, by Walicki]

13501

De Morgan found inferences involving relations, which eluded Aristotle's syllogistic [De Morgan, by Hart,WD]

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / h. Against ethics

3558	Only the Cyrenaics reject the idea of a final moral end [Aristippus elder, by Annas]

22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / d. Routes to happiness

5835	The road of freedom is the surest route to happiness [Aristippus elder, by Xenophon]

23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 3. Cyrenaic School

3018	People who object to extravagant pleasures just love money [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]

1751	Pleasure is the good, because we always seek it, it satisfies us, and its opposite is the most avoidable thing [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]

25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / b. Retribution for crime

1755	Errors result from external influence, and should be corrected, not hated [Aristippus elder, by Diog. Laertius]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]