Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'The Sign of Four', 'Elements of Mathematical Logic' and 'Resurrecting Biological Essentialism'

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6 ideas

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 3. Many-Valued Logic

8942	Lukasiewicz's L3 logic has three truth-values, T, F and I (for 'indeterminate') [Lukasiewicz, by Fisher]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 10. Essence as Species

17368

Essentialism concerns the nature of a group, not its category [Devitt]

17370

Things that gradually change, like species, can still have essences [Devitt]

14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction

22200

If you eliminate the impossible, the truth will remain, even if it is weird [Conan Doyle]

27. Natural Reality / G. Biology / 5. Species

17369

We name species as small to share properties, but large enough to yield generalisations [Devitt]

17367

Species are phenetic, biological, niche, or phylogenetic-cladistic [Devitt, by PG]