11 ideas
| 23326 | In the third century Stoicism died out, replaced by Platonism, with Aristotelian ethics [Frede,M] |
| 23335 | In late antiquity nearly all philosophers were monotheists [Frede,M] |
| 8386 | Events are picked out by descriptions, and facts by whole sentences [Crane] |
| 23337 | The Stoics needed free will, to allow human choices in a divinely providential cosmos [Frede,M] |
| 23333 | The idea of free will achieved universal acceptance because of Christianity [Frede,M] |
| 23334 | For Christians man has free will by creation in God's image (as in Genesis) [Frede,M] |
| 23336 | There is no will for Plato or Aristotle, because actions come directly from perception of what is good [Frede,M] |
| 468 | Musical performance can reveal a range of virtues [Damon of Ath.] |
| 8387 | A cause has its effects in virtue of its properties [Crane] |
| 8384 | The regularity theory explains a causal event by other items than the two that are involved [Crane] |
| 23313 | The Gnostic demiurge (creator) is deluded, and doesn't care about us [Frede,M] |