Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Freedom to Act', 'De primae philosophiae emendatione' and 'The Foundations of Mathematics (2nd ed)'

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

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3 ideas

8. Modes of Existence / A. Relations / 4. Formal Relations / b. Equivalence relation

18465

An 'equivalence' relation is one which is reflexive, symmetric and transitive [Kunen]

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / a. Substance

12716

The concept of forces or powers best reveals the true concept of substance [Leibniz]

20. Action / C. Motives for Action / 3. Acting on Reason / c. Reasons as causes

19698

Deviant causal chain: a reason causes an action, but isn't the reason for which it was performed [Davidson, by Neta]