Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Truth and Probability', 'Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect' and 'Modal Logics and Philosophy'

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23 ideas

4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 1. Propositional Logic
7786 Propositional logic handles negation, disjunction, conjunction; predicate logic adds quantifiers, predicates, relations [Girle]
7798 There are three axiom schemas for propositional logic [Girle]
4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 2. Tools of Propositional Logic / a. Symbols of PL
7799 Proposition logic has definitions for its three operators: or, and, and identical [Girle]
4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 2. Tools of Propositional Logic / e. Axioms of PL
7797 Axiom systems of logic contain axioms, inference rules, and definitions of proof and theorems [Girle]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / g. System S4
7794 There are seven modalities in S4, each with its negation [Girle]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / h. System S5
7793 ◊p → □◊p is the hallmark of S5 [Girle]
7795 S5 has just six modalities, and all strings can be reduced to those [Girle]
4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 4. Alethic Modal Logic
7787 Possible worlds logics use true-in-a-world rather than true [Girle]
7788 Modal logic has four basic modal negation equivalences [Girle]
7796 Modal logics were studied in terms of axioms, but now possible worlds semantics is added [Girle]
5. Theory of Logic / B. Logical Consequence / 7. Strict Implication
7789 Necessary implication is called 'strict implication'; if successful, it is called 'entailment' [Girle]
5. Theory of Logic / H. Proof Systems / 5. Tableau Proof
7790 If an argument is invalid, a truth tree will indicate a counter-example [Girle]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 3. Types of Necessity
7800 Analytic truths are divided into logically and conceptually necessary [Girle]
10. Modality / B. Possibility / 1. Possibility
7801 Possibilities can be logical, theoretical, physical, economic or human [Girle]
10. Modality / B. Possibility / 8. Conditionals / d. Non-truthfunction conditionals
13766 'If' is the same as 'given that', so the degrees of belief should conform to probability theory [Ramsey, by Ramsey]
10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 1. Possible Worlds / a. Possible worlds
7792 A world has 'access' to a world it generates, which is important in possible worlds semantics [Girle]
14. Science / C. Induction / 6. Bayes's Theorem
19143 Ramsey gave axioms for an uncertain agent to decide their preferences [Ramsey, by Davidson]
20. Action / C. Motives for Action / 5. Action Dilemmas / b. Double Effect
22384 A 'double effect' is a foreseen but not desired side-effect, which may be forgivable [Foot]
22385 The doctrine of double effect can excuse an outcome because it wasn't directly intended [Foot]
22386 Double effect says foreseeing you will kill someone is not the same as intending it [Foot]
22387 Without double effect, bad men can make us do evil by threatening something worse [Foot]
22388 Double effect seems to rely on a distinction between what we do and what we allow [Foot]
25. Social Practice / F. Life Issues / 3. Abortion
22383 Abortion is puzzling because we do and don't want the unborn child to have rights [Foot]