Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'Leibniz: Guide for the Perplexed', 'Identity over Time' and 'Explanation and Reference'

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these texts

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10 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / a. Names

17505

Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / d. Substance defined

19347

Substance needs independence, unity, and stability (for individuation); also it is a subject, for predicates [Perkins]

9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 5. Essence as Kind

11908

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 1. Objects over Time

16025

If things change they become different - but then no one thing undergoes the change! [Gallois]

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 4. Four-Dimensionalism

16026

4D: time is space-like; a thing is its history; past and future are real; or things extend in time [Gallois]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 6. Identity between Objects

16027

If two things are equal, each side involves a necessity, so the equality is necessary [Gallois]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 2. Aim of Science

17508

Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]

19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference

17506

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]

26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds

17507

Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]

11904

Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]